Acute and chronic toxicity of 2,4-D and fipronil formulations (individually and in mixture) to the Neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii

Author(s)

Silva, Lais C. M. ^{[1, 2]} ; Moreira, Raquel A. ^{[1, 2]} ; Pinto, Thandy J. S. ^{[1, 2]} ; Ogura, Allan P. ^{[1, 2]} ; Yoshii, Maria P. C. ^{[1, 2]} ; Lopes, Lais F. P. ^{[1, 2]} ; Montagner, Cassiana C. ^[3] ; Goulart, Bianca V. ^[3] ; Daam, Michiel A. ^[4] ; Espindola, Evaldo L. G. ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, PPG SEA, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, NEEA CRHEA SHS, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Chem, LQA, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Sci & Technol, CENSE, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, P-2829516 Caparica - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ECOTOXICOLOGY; v. 29, n. 9, p. 1462-1475, NOV 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 8

Abstract

Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane and the world's top pesticide market. Therefore, environmental consequences are of concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of pesticide formulations largely used in sugarcane crops: the herbicide DMA (R) 806 BR (a.i. 2,4-D) and the insecticide Regent (R) 800 WG (a.i. fipronil), isolated and in mixture, to the Neotropical cladoceranCeriodaphnia silvestrii. Toxicity tests with the individual formulated products indicated 48h-EC(50)values of 169 +/- 18 mg a.i./L for 2,4-D and 3.9 +/- 0.50 mu g a.i./L for fipronil. In the chronic tests, the 8d-EC(50)values for reproduction were 55 mg a.i./L (NOEC/LOEC: 50/60 mg a.i./L) and 1.6 mu g a.i./L (NOEC/LOEC: 0.40/0.80 mu g a.i./L) for 2,4-D and fipronil, respectively. A significant decrease in reproduction ofC. silvestriiin all concentrations tested of fipronil, except at the lowest, was observed. Regarding 2,4-D, the organisms had total inhibition of reproduction in the two highest concentrations. Probably your energy reallocation was focused (trade-off) only on its survival. The acute pesticide mixture toxicity (immobility) revealed a dose level dependent deviation with antagonism at low and synergism at high concentrations. For chronic mixture (reproduction) toxicity, antagonism occurred as a result of the interaction of the pesticides. Based on our results and concentrations measured in Brazilian water bodies, fipronil represents ecological risks for causing direct toxic effects onC. silvestrii. These results are worrisome given that agricultural production is likely to increase in the coming years. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/18790-3 - Environmental effects of the pasture-sugarcane conversion and pasture intensification
• Grantee: Luiz Antonio Martinelli
• Support Opportunities: Research Program on Global Climate Change - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/24126-4 - EFFECTS OF THE PESTICIDES FIPRONIL AND 2,4-D, ISOLATELY AND IN MIXTURE, ON NATIVE SPECIES OF THE NEOTROPICAL AQUATIC BIOTA
• Grantee: Raquel Aparecida Moreira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral