| Full text | |
| Author(s): |
de Campos, Eduardo Geraldo
[1]
;
da Costa, Bruno Ruiz Brandao
[1]
;
dos Santos, Fabiana Spineti
[2]
;
Monedeiro, Fernanda
[2]
;
Alves, Marcela Nogueira Rabelo
[3]
;
Santos Junior, Wilson Jose Ramos
[1]
;
De Martinis, Bruno Spinosa
[2]
Total Authors: 7
|
| Affiliation: | [1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Av Cafe S-N, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil
[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Av Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil
[3] Inst Master Ensino Presidente Antonio Carlos IMEP, Av Minas Gerais 1889, BR-38444128 Araguari, MG - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 3
|
| Document type: | Review article |
| Source: | Forensic Toxicology; AUG 2021. |
| Web of Science Citations: | 0 |
| Abstract | |
Purpose The use of alternative matrices in toxicological analyses has been on the rise in clinical and forensic settings. Specimens alternative to blood and urine are useful in providing additional information regarding drug exposure and analytical benefits. The goal of this paper is to present a critical review on the most recent literature regarding the application of six common alternative matrices, i.e., oral fluid, hair, sweat, meconium, breast milk and vitreous humor in forensic toxicology. Methods The recent literature have been searched and reviewed for the characteristics, advantages and limitations of oral fluid, hair, sweat, meconium, breast milk and vitreous humor and its applications in the analysis of traditional drugs of abuse and novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Results This paper outlines the properties of six biological matrices that have been used in forensic analyses, as alternatives to whole blood and urine specimens. Each of this matrix has benefits in regards to sampling, extraction, detection window, typical drug levels and other aspects. However, theses matrices have also limitations such as limited incorporation of drugs (according to physical-chemical properties), impossibility to correlate the concentrations for effects, low levels of xenobiotics and ultimately the need for more sensitive analysis. For more traditional drugs of abuse (e.g., cocaine and amphetamines), there are already data available on the detection in alternative matrices. However, data on the determination of emerging drugs such as the NPS in alternative biological matrices are more limited. Conclusions Alternative biological fluids are important specimens in forensic toxicology. These matrices have been increasingly reported over the years, and this dynamic will probably continue in the future, especially considering their inherent advantages and the possibility to be used when blood or urine are unavailable. However, one should be aware that these matrices have limitations and particular properties, and the findings obtained from the analysis of these specimens may vary according to the type of matrix. As a potential perspective in forensic toxicology, the topic of alternative matrices will be continuously explored, especially emphasizing NPS. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/18021-5 - Sweat as a target biological matrix for determination of Fentanyl-derived compounds and synthetic Cathinones |
| Grantee: | Bruno Spinosa de Martinis |
| Support Opportunities: | Regular Research Grants |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/10387-0 - Study of volatile organic compounds as cancer biomarkers in urine samples employing SPME and GCxGC-TOF-MS analysis |
| Grantee: | Fernanda Ferreira da Silva Souza Monedeiro |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate (Direct) |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/19653-4 - Investigation of volatile organic compounds in sweat samples as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis |
| Grantee: | Fernanda Ferreira da Silva Souza Monedeiro |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct) |