Molecular dating of the blood pigment hemocyanin provides new insight into the origin of animals

Author(s)

Costa-Paiva, Elisa Maria ^{[1, 2]} ; Mello, Beatriz ^[3] ; Bezerra, Bruno Santos ^[1] ; Coates, Christopher J. ^[4] ; Halanych, Kenneth M. ^[5] ; Brown, Federico ^[1] ; Leme, Juliana de Moraes ^[6] ; Trindade, Ricardo I. F. ^[2]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Zool Dept, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron, Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Biol Inst, Genet Dept, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[4] Swansea Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Biosci, Swansea, W Glam - Wales

^[5] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC - USA

^[6] Univ Sao Paulo, Geosci Inst, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Geobiology; NOV 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The Neoproterozoic included changes in oceanic redox conditions, the configuration of continents and climate, extreme ice ages (Sturtian and Marinoan), and the rise of complex life forms. A much-debated topic in geobiology concerns the influence of atmospheric oxygenation on Earth and the origin and diversification of animal lineages, with the most widely popularized hypotheses relying on causal links between oxygen levels and the rise of animals. The vast majority of extant animals use aerobic metabolism for growth and homeostasis; hence, the binding and transportation of oxygen represent a vital physiological task. Considering the blood pigment hemocyanin (Hc) is present in sponges and ctenophores, and likely to be present in the common ancestor of animals, we investigated the evolution and date of Hc emergence using bioinformatics approaches on both transcriptomic and genomic data. Bayesian molecular dating suggested that the ancestral animal Hc gene arose approximately 881 Ma during the Tonian Period (1000-720 Ma), prior to the extreme glaciation events of the Cryogenian Period (720-635 Ma). This result is corroborated by a recently discovered fossil of a putative sponge similar to 890 Ma and modern molecular dating for the origin of metazoans of similar to 1,000-650 Ma (but does contradict previous inferences regarding the origin of Hc similar to 700-600 Ma). Our data reveal that crown-group animals already possessed hemocyanin-like blood pigments, which may have enhanced the oxygen-carrying capacity of these animals in hypoxic environments at that time or acted in the transport of hormones, detoxification of heavy metals, and immunity pathways. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/50164-5 - Stem cells, regeneration, and the evolution of coloniality in ascidians
• Grantee: Federico David Brown Almeida
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/20268-1 - Physiology of Ediacaran-Cambrian modern analogues
• Grantee: Elisa Maria Costa e Silva de Paiva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 16/06114-6 - The Neoproterozoic Earth System and the rise of biological complexity
• Grantee: Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da Trindade
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants