The Physics of Light and Sound in the Fight Against Skin Cancer

Author(s)

Pratavieira, Sebastiao ; Requena, Michelle Barreto ; Stringasci, Mirian Denise ; Ayala, Erika T. Ponce ; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Brazilian Journal of Physics; v. 52, n. 4, p. 14-pg., 2022-08-01.

Abstract

Multidisciplinary work is necessary for the development and improvement of techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, with physics playing a prominent role. For example, in-depth knowledge of the interaction of electromagnetic (ionizing and non-ionizing) and mechanical (sound and ultrasound) waves with biological tissues is important for the development of protocols for the management of skin cancer. In this paper, we review the developments carried out at the Sao Carlos Institute of Physics that resulted in new technologies and protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of non-melanoma skin lesions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that combines light and a photosensitive molecule, was improved, and more than 2000 patients were directly treated in our clinical trials. Our research group pioneered the technique in Brazil, and we developed several fundamental studies involving cell culture and animal studies that demonstrated the effectiveness of this technique in treating cancer. Based on these results, multicenter clinical studies in Brazil have been implemented for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. These studies generated commercial prodrugs and irradiation devices that are currently being considered for incorporation into the Brazilian public health system. In addition, nine countries in Latin America have implemented our technique. In this paper, we also show the physical fundamentals of PDT, the new developments that will allow us to overcome current challenges such as the use of ultrasound to treat cancer. Developments in the diagnosis of cancer will also be discussed. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/07276-1 - CEPOF - Optics and Photonic Research Center
• Grantee: Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - RIDC
• FAPESP's process: 14/50857-8 - National Institute in Basic Optics and Applied to Life Sciences
• Grantee: Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants