Assessment of the regenerative potential of macro-porous chitosan-calcium simvastatin scaffolds on bone cells

Author(s)

Marjorie de Oliveira GALLINARI ^[1] ; Ester Alves Ferreira BORDINI ^[2] ; Vitor de Toledo STUANI ^[3] ; Fernanda Balestrero CASSIANO ^[4] ; Camila Correa da Silva Braga de MELO ^[5] ; Juliano Milanezi de ALMEIDA ^[6] ; Luciano Tavares Ângelo CINTRA ^[7] ; Carlos Alberto DE SOUZA COSTA ^[8] ; Diana Gabriela SOARES ^[9]

Affiliation

^[1] Universidade de São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials - Brasil

^[2] Universidade de São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials - Brasil

^[3] Universidade de São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials - Brasil

^[4] Universidade de São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials - Brasil

^[5] Universidade de São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials - Brasil

^[6] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Araçatuba School of Dentistry. Department of Diagnosis and Surgery - Brasil

^[7] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Araçatuba School of Dentistry. Department of Preventive and Operative Dentistry - Brasil

^[8] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Araçatuba School of Dentistry. Department of Physiology and Pathology - Brasil

^[9] Universidade de São Paulo. Bauru School of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials - Brasil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Brazilian Oral Research; v. 37, 2023-02-13.

Abstract

Abstract This study evaluated the bioactive potential of a macro-porous chitosan scaffold incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH-Ca) and functionalized with bioactive doses of simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue regeneration. Initially, the bioactive dose of SV in osteoblastic cells (SAOS-2) was determined. For the direct contact experiment, SAOS-2 cells were plated on scaffolds to assess cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. The second assay was performed at a distance using extracts from scaffolds incubated in culture medium to assess the effect of conditioned medium on viability and osteogenic differentiation. The initial screening showed that 1 μM SV presented the best biostimulating effects, and this dose was selected for incorporation into the CH-Ca and pure chitosan (CH) scaffolds. The cells remained viable throughout the direct contact experiment, with the greatest cell density in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV scaffolds because of their higher porosity. The CH-Ca-SV scaffold showed the most intense bio-stimulating effect in assays in the presence and absence of osteogenic medium, leading to an increased deposition of mineralized matrix. There was an increase in the viability of cells exposed to the extracts for CH-Ca, CH-SV, and CH-Ca-SV during the one-day period. There was an increase in ALP activity in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV; however, the CH-Ca-SV scaffold resulted in an intense increase in the deposition of mineralized nodules, approximately 56.4% at 7 days and 117% at 14 days, compared with CH (control). In conclusion, functionalization of the CH-Ca scaffold with SV promoted an increase in bioactivity, presenting a promising option for bone tissue regeneration. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/00020-8 - Development of macro-porous chitosan-calcium scaffolds with controlled release of simvastatin: evaluation of the regenerative potential at inflamed areas
• Grantee: Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 16/15674-5 - Association of tissue engineering techniques for mineralized tissue regeneration under degenerative inflammatory stimulus: analysis on 3D-culture perfusion bioreactor and animal inflammatory models
• Grantee: Diana Gabriela Soares dos Passos
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants