Large-amplitude Bidirectional Anisotropy of Cosmic-Ray Intensity Observed with Worldwide Networks of Ground-based Neutron Monitors and Muon Detectors in 2021 November

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Munakata, K. ; Kozai, M. ; Kato, C. ; Hayashi, Y. ; Kataoka, R. ; Kadokura, A. ; Tokumaru, M. ; Mendonca, R. R. S. ; Echer, E. ; Dal Lago, A. ; Rockenbach, M. ; Schuch, N. J. ; Bageston, J., V ; Braga, C. R. ; Al Jassar, H. K. ; Sharma, M. M. ; Duldig, M. L. ; Humble, J. E. ; Sabbah, I ; Evenson, P. ; Mangeard, P-S ; Kuwabara, T. ; Ruffolo, D. ; Saiz, A. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Nuntiyakul, W. ; Kota, J.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL; v. 938, n. 1, p. 11-pg., 2022-10-01.

Abstract

We analyze the cosmic-ray variations during a significant Forbush decrease observed with worldwide networks of ground-based neutron monitors and muon detectors during 2021 November 3-5. Utilizing the difference between primary cosmic-ray rigidities monitored by neutron monitors and muon detectors, we deduce the rigidity spectra of the cosmic-ray density (or omnidirectional intensity) and the first- and second-order anisotropies separately for each hour of data. A clear two-step decrease is seen in the cosmic-ray density with the first similar to 2% decrease after the interplanetary shock arrival followed by the second similar to 5% decrease inside the magnetic flux rope (MFR) at 15 GV. Most strikingly, a large bidirectional streaming along the magnetic field is observed in the MFR with a peak amplitude of similar to 5% at 15 GV, which is comparable to the total density decrease inside the MFR. The bidirectional streaming could be explained by adiabatic deceleration and/or focusing in the expanding MFR, which have stronger effects for pitch angles near 90 degrees, or by selective entry of GCRs along a leg of the MFR. The peak anisotropy and density depression in the flux rope both decrease with increasing rigidity. The spectra vary dynamically, indicating that the temporal variations of density and anisotropy appear different in neutron monitor and muon detector data. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/21657-1 - Study of Jupiter magnetospheric auroral radio activity variability
• Grantee: Ezequiel Echer
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants