Humoral and cellular immune responses to CoronaVac up to one year after vaccination

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Costa, Priscilla Ramos ; Correia, Carolina Argondizo ; Marmorato, Mariana Prado ; de Carvalho Dias, Juliana Zanatta ; Thomazella, Mateus Vailant ; da Silva, Amanda Cabral ; Soares de Oliveira, Ana Carolina ; Gusmao, Arianne Fagotti ; Ferrari, Lilian ; Freitas, Angela Carvalho ; Patino, Elizabeth Gonzalez ; Grifoni, Alba ; Weiskopf, Daniela ; Sette, Alessandro ; Scharf, Rami ; Kallas, Esper Georges ; Terrassani Silveira, Cassia Gisele ; Sao Paulo PROFISCOV Study Grp

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY; v. 13, p. 15-pg., 2022-10-21.

Abstract

Coronavac is a widely used SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, but its long-term immune response assessment is still lacking. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses, including T cell activation markers, antigen-specific cytokine production and antibody response following vaccination in 53 adult and elderly individuals participating in a phase 3 clinical trial. Activated follicular helper T (Tfh), non-Tfh and memory CD4(+) T cells were detected in almost all subjects early after the first vaccine dose. Activated memory CD4(+) T cells were predominantly of central and effector memory T cell phenotypes and were sustained for at least 6 months. We also detected a balanced Th1-, Th2- and Th17/Th22-type cytokine production that was associated with response over time, together with particular cytokine profile linked to poor responses in older vaccinees. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels peaked 14 days after the second dose and were mostly stable over one year. CoronaVac was able to induce a potent and durable antiviral antigen-specific cellular response and the cytokine profiles related to the response over time and impacted by the senescence were defined. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/10127-1 - Development of vaccine against COVID-19
• Grantee: Dimas Tadeu Covas
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research in Public Policies
• FAPESP's process: 20/06409-1 - Evaluation of humoral immune response and inflammatory response in patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 at Hospital Sírio Libanês and correlation with disease severity
• Grantee: Edison Luiz Durigon
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants