Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite or Cigarette Smoke Induces Lung Injury and Mechanical Impairment in Wistar Rats

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Saraiva-Romanholo, Beatriz Mangueira ; de Genaro, Isabella Santos ; de Almeida, Francine Maria ; Felix, Soraia Nogueira ; Cottes Lopes, Marina Ribeiro ; Amorim, Thais Santos ; Vieira, Rodolfo Paula ; Arantes-Costa, Fernanda Magalhaes ; Martins, Milton Arruda ; Lopes Calvo Tiberio, Iolanda de Fatima ; Prado, Carla Maximo

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Inflammation; v. 45, n. 4, p. 20-pg., 2022-05-02.

Abstract

Pulmonary irritants, such as cigarette smoke (CS) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), are associated to pulmonary diseases in cleaning workers. We examined whether their association affects lung mechanics and inflammation in Wistar rats. Exposure to these irritants alone induced alterations in the lung mechanics, inflammation, and remodeling. The CS increased airway cell infiltration, acid mucus production, MMP-12 expression, and alveolar enlargement. NaClO increased the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, with cells expressing IL-13, MMP-12, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and iNOS in addition to increased IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels. Co-exposure to both irritants increased epithelial and smooth muscle cell area, acid mucus production, and IL-13 expression in the airways, while it reduced the lung inflammation. In conclusion, the co-exposure of CS with NaClO reduced the pulmonary inflammation, but increased the acidity of mucus, which may protect lungs from more injury. A cross-resistance in people exposed to multiple lung irritants should also be considered. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/53904-9 - Effects of environment and lifestyle on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: studies with experimental animals and people with asthma
• Grantee: Milton de Arruda Martins
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/06088-0 - Effects of eugenol and dehidrodieugenol isolated from Nectandra leucantha (Lauraceae) treatments in experimental models of acute and chronic lung disease
• Grantee: Carla Máximo Prado
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants