Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive Abilities

Author(s)

Laurence, Paulo Guirro ; Jana, Tatiana Abrao ; Bunge, Silvia A. ; Macedo, Elizeu C.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE; v. 11, n. 4, p. 22-pg., 2023-04-01.

Abstract

Sequences of eye movements during performance of a reasoning task has provided insights into the strategies individuals use to solve that specific task; however, prior studies have not examined whether eye gaze metrics reflect cognitive abilities in a way that transcends a specific task. Thus, our study aimed to explore the relationship between eye movement sequences and other behavioral measures. Here, we present two studies that related different eye gaze metrics in a matrix reasoning task with performance on a different test of fluid reasoning and tests of planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, we related gaze metrics to self-reported executive functioning in daily life, as measured by BRIEF-A. To perform this, we classified the participants' eye gaze in each item of the matrices test using an algorithm and then used LASSO regression models with the cognitive abilities as the dependent variable to select eye-tracking metrics to predict it. Overall, specific and distinct eye gaze metrics predicted 57% variance in the fluid reasoning scores; 17% variance in the planning scores; and 18% variance in the working memory scores. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the selected eye-tracking metrics reflect cognitive abilities that transcend specific tasks. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/22507-5 - Analyzing of eye tracking movements in executive function and Task Visual Search in Real World
• Grantee: Tatiana Abrão Jana
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 18/09654-7 - Relating cognitive-visual strategies and executive functions: examples with eye-tracking in inductive reasoning and reading tasks
• Grantee: Paulo Guirro Laurence
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate