Modulating gut microbiota by paraprobiotics: Mechanisms, advantages, and challenges

Author(s)

Yolmeh, Mahmoud ; Xavier-Santos, Douglas ; Sant' Ana, Anderson S.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FOOD BIOSCIENCE; v. 60, p. 11-pg., 2024-05-09.

Abstract

Imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM), changes in their functions and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, can harm human health. Therefore, the prevention of dysbiosis and the improvement of GM are vital to maintaining health. In recent years, the importance of inactivated probiotics, known as paraprobiotics, has increased because of their health-promoting benefits (HPB) and advantages over probiotics. This article evaluates the recently published literature about the effects of paraprobiotics on modulating/changing GM and discusses their potential mechanisms, mainly attributed to the cell fragments. In addition, the different methods of using paraprobiotics (direct and within the food matrix) are evaluated, and which method has better beneficial effects towards GM is shown. Since the beneficial effects of paraprobiotics towards GM are affected through several agents, such as the type of the probiotic strain, the inactivation method; the optimization of conditions is crucial to achieve an appropriate GM improvement performance. Paraprobiotics increased the abundance of Lactobacillales, Bifidobacteriales, and Ruminococcaceae in the GM, but the abundance of Corynebacterium, EscherichiaShigella, Plesiomonasare decreased. Using paraprobiotics in a carbohydrate matrix as a food carrier can be a much more promising method to improve GM than directly or within foods with high protein contents. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/07182-3 - Expanding the concept of beneficial paraprobiotics - optimization of ohmic heating conditions to prepare paraprobiotics, and its anti-pathogenic activity, components structure, the stability and benefits during storage
• Grantee: Mahmoud Yolmeh
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 22/00190-3 - Evaluation of the postbiotic potential of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG via spray drying on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and its impact in obese Wistar rats
• Grantee: Douglas Xavier dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 23/13146-5 - Evaluation of the retention process of bile acid by cell surface of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG via spray drying under in vitro digestion simulation
• Grantee: Douglas Xavier dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Post-doctor