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Detecting Entanglement from Macroscopic Measurements of the Electric Field and Its Fluctuations

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Author(s):
Rosario, Pedro ; Santos, Alan C. ; Piovella, Nicola ; Kaiser, Robin ; Cidrim, Andre ; Bachelard, Romain
Total Authors: 6
Document type: Journal article
Source: Physical Review Letters; v. 133, n. 5, p. 7-pg., 2024-07-31.
Abstract

To address the outstanding task of detecting entanglement in large quantum systems, entanglement witnesses have emerged, addressing the separable nature of a state. Yet optimizing witnesses, or accessing them experimentally, often remains a challenge. We here introduce a family of entanglement witnesses for open quantum systems. Based on the electric field, it does not require state tomography or single-site addressing, but rather macroscopic measurements of the field quadratures and of the total fluorescence. Its efficiency is demonstrated by detecting, from almost any direction, the entanglement of collective singlephoton states, such as long-lived states generated by cooperative spontaneous emission. Able to detect entanglement in large open quantum systems, and through a single continuous measurement if operating in the stationary regime, these electric-field-based witnesses can be used on any set of emitters described by the Pauli group, such as atomic systems (cold atoms and trapped ions), giant atoms, color centers, and superconducting qubits. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 22/12382-4 - Localization in superconducting circuits
Grantee:Pedro Pablo Rosario Vargas
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)
FAPESP's process: 23/03300-7 - Localization of Light: Anderson and beyond
Grantee:Romain Pierre Marcel Bachelard
Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
FAPESP's process: 19/12842-2 - Cooperative stochastic heating and optical binding with cold atoms
Grantee:Romain Pierre Marcel Bachelard
Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
FAPESP's process: 23/07463-8 - Quantum control of trapped Rydberg ions
Grantee:André Cidrim Santos
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Generation Project
FAPESP's process: 19/13143-0 - Cold atoms, photons, and quantum correlations
Grantee:Celso Jorge Villas-Bôas
Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
FAPESP's process: 22/06449-9 - Quantum control of trapped Rydberg ions
Grantee:André Cidrim Santos
Support Opportunities: Generation Project Research Grant
FAPESP's process: 18/15554-5 - Transport and localization of light in two and three dimensions
Grantee:Romain Pierre Marcel Bachelard
Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants - Phase 2