The resolvin D2 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a new possible therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel diseases

Author(s)

Chaim, Fabio Henrique Mendonca ; Pascoal, Livia Bitencourt ; de Castro, Marina Moreira ; Palma, Bruna Biazon ; Rodrigues, Bruno Lima ; Fagundes, Joao Jose ; Milanski, Marciane ; Lopes, Luiz Roberto ; Leal, Raquel Franco

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS; v. 14, n. 1, p. 13-pg., 2024-11-20.

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Given conventional therapies' adverse effects and clinical failures, novel approaches are being investigated. Recent studies have highlighted the role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in the active resolution of chronic inflammation. In this regard, omega-3 fatty acid-derived Resolvin D2 (RvD2) appears to play a protective role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Therefore, we characterized the RvD2 pathway and its receptor expression in the intestinal mucosa of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. We also evaluated the preventive impact of an omega-3-enriched diet and the therapeutic efficacy of RvD2 compared with anti-TNF-alpha treatment. We found an increase in TNF alpha and IL22 expression and decreased levels of enzymes involved in RvD2 biosynthesis, such as PLA2, 15-LOX, 5-LOX, and its receptor GPR18 in experimental colitis. Omega-3 supplementation reduced the Disease Activity Index (DAI), weight loss, colonic shortening, and inflammation. These results and the increased IL-10 transcriptional levels after RvD2 treatment suggest that this mediator attenuated experimental colitis. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the exacerbated inflammatory response present in experimental colitis and suggest that RvD2 and its omega-3 precursor offer a promising therapeutic approach for IBD. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/09393-4 - Evaluation of pro-resolution pathways in DSS-induced experimental Colitis
• Grantee: Raquel Franco Leal
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/07095-3 - Role of resolvin D2 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in DSS-induced experimental colitis
• Grantee: Bruna Biazon Palma
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation