Inflammasome Activation by RNA Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Manipulation, and Therapeutic Insights

Author(s)

Rodrigues, Tamara S. ; Zamboni, Dario S.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS; v. 330, n. 1, p. 21-pg., 2025-03-01.

Abstract

Respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Upon infection, these viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors, leading to the activation of inflammasomes, which are essential for mediating inflammatory responses. This review discusses the mechanisms by which these RNA respiratory viruses activate inflammasomes, emphasizing the roles of various signaling pathways and components involved in this process. Additionally, we highlight the specific interactions between viral proteins and inflammasome sensors, elucidating how these viruses manipulate the host immune response to facilitate infection. Understanding the dynamics of inflammasome activation in response to respiratory viruses provides critical insights for developing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating inflammation and improving outcomes in respiratory tract infections. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/14157-8 - Evaluation of the role of the transcription factor HIF1alpha in the inflammasome activation and progression of Leishmania infection
• Grantee: Juliane Cristina Ribeiro Fernandes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 19/11342-6 - Mechanisms and consequences of the activation of cytoplasmic receptors by intracellular pathogens
• Grantee: Dario Simões Zamboni
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/08216-2 - CRID - Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases
• Grantee: Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - RIDC