Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds

Author(s)

Sorita, Guilherme Dallarmi ; Chacon, Wilson Daniel Caicedo ; Strieder, Monique Martins ; Rodriguez-Garcia, Camilo ; Fritz, Alcilene Monteiro ; Verruck, Silvani ; Valencia, German Ayala ; Mendiola, Jose A.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Molecules; v. 30, n. 1, p. 21-pg., 2025-01-01.

Abstract

Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.11% v/v CPME, and temperature: 60 degrees C) to maximize yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and LOX (lipoxygenase) inhibitory activity. GC-MS analysis identified 40 metabolites in SFE extracts, including fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolics, and sterols. After selecting the optimum SFE process parameters, a sequential high-pressure extraction (HPE) approach was developed, comprising SFE, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with EtOH/H2O, and subcritical water extraction (SWE). This process was compared to a similar sequential extraction using low-pressure extractions (LPE) with a Soxhlet extractor. The HPE process achieved a significantly higher overall yield (80.86%) than LPE (71.43%). SFE showed higher selectivity, resulting in a lower carbohydrate content in the non-polar fraction, and PLE extracted nearly twice the protein amount of LPE-2. Despite the HPE selectivity, LPE extracts exhibited better acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and LOX inhibition, demonstrating that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts may be associated with a symbiosis of a set of compounds. Finally, a comprehensive greenness assessment revealed that the HPE process proved more sustainable and aligned with green chemistry principles than the LPE method. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 23/05722-6 - Biorefinery of the vegetable almond and peanut-based milk processes: study of technologies and alternative solvents to obtain bioactive compounds from their solid residues
• Grantee: Monique Martins Strieder
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Post-doctor