Comparison of the effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen alone or in combination on postoperative pain and on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy

Author(s)

Martins, Teresinha L. ^[1] ; Kahvegian, Marcia A. P. ^[1] ; Noel-Morgan, Jessica ^[1] ; Leon-Roman, Marco A. ^[2] ; Otsuki, Denise A. ^[3] ; Fantoni, Denise T. ^[2]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Postgrad Program Anesthesiol, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Surg, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-05463900 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Anestesiol Fac Med LIM08, Lab Med Invest, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH; v. 71, n. 9, p. 1019-1026, SEP 2010.
• Web of Science Citations: 29

Abstract

Objective-To compare analgesic effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen administered alone and in combination and their effects on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin (IL)-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy. Animals-42 dogs with oral neoplasms. Procedures-30 minutes before the end of surgery, dogs received SC injections of tramadol (2 mg/kg), codeine (2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg), tramadol + ketoprofen, or codeine + ketoprofen (at the aforementioned dosages). Physiologic variables, analgesia, and sedation were measured before (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 hours after surgery. Blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum IL-6 concentrations were measured 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after administration of analgesics. Results-All treatments provided adequate postoperative analgesia. Significant increases in mean +/- SD blood glucose concentrations were detected in dogs receiving tramadol (96 +/- 14 mg/dL), codeine (120 +/- 66 mg/dL and 96 +/- 21 mg/dL), ketoprofen (105 +/- 22 mg/dL), and codeine + ketoprofen (104 +/- 16 mg/dL) at 5, 1 and 3, 5, and 3 hours after analgesic administration, respectively, compared with preoperative (baseline) values. There were no significant changes in physiologic variables, serum IL-6 concentrations, or serum cortisol concentrations. Dogs administered codeine + ketoprofen had light but significant sedation at 4, 5, and 24 hours. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Opioids alone or in combination with an NSAID promoted analgesia without adverse effects during the 24-hour postoperative period in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for removal of oral neoplasms. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1019-1026) (AU)