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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Propolis effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in stressed mice

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Author(s):
Pagliarone, Ana Carolina [1] ; Orsatti, Claudio Lera [1] ; Bufalo, Michelle Cristiane [1] ; Missima, Fabiane [1] ; Bachiega, Tatiana Fernanda [1] ; Araujo Junior, Joao Pessoa [1] ; Sforcin, Jose Mauricio [1]
Total Authors: 7
Affiliation:
[1] UNESP, Biosci Inst, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 1
Document type: Journal article
Source: International Immunopharmacology; v. 9, n. 11, p. 1352-1356, OCT 2009.
Web of Science Citations: 23
Abstract

Introduction: Propolis is a beehive product and its immunomodulatory action has been well documented; however, little is known concerning its activity on the immune system of stressed mice. This work investigated a possible role of propolis against the immunosuppressive effects induced by stress in mice, assessing the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta and IL-6) production and Toll-like receptor (TLR-2 and TLR-4) expression by spleen cells. Methods: BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: G1 was considered control; G2 was submitted to restraint stress for 3 days, and G3 was treated with propolis and immediately submitted to stress. After sacrifice, spleens were removed and TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression was analyzed, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Serum corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay as a stress indicator. Results: Stressed mice, treated or not with propolis, produced higher corticosterone levels, whereas IL-1 beta and IL-6 production was inhibited. TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression was inhibited in stressed mice, while propolis exerted an immunorestorative role in TLR-4 expression. The immunosuppressive effects on IL-1 beta and IL-6 production and on TLR expression by stressed mice might have occurred due to a higher corticosterone production during stress. Conclusion: Propolis treatment did not antagonize the inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production, however it restored at least partially TLR2 mRNA expression and counteracted the inhibition on TLR-4 expression in stressed animals, contributing to the recognition of microorganisms during stressful conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)