Taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the fig wasp genus Anidarnes Boucek, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Sycophaginae)

Author(s)

Farache, Fernando H. A. ^[1] ; Cruaud, Astrid ^[2] ; Genson, Gwenaelle ^[2] ; Pereira, Rodrigo A. S. ; Rasplus, Jean-Yuves ^[2]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Depto Biol FFCLRP, PPG Entomol, BR-14040900 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] INRA IRD CIRAD SupAgro, INRA UMR CBGP 1062, Montferrier Sur Lez - France

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Systematic Entomology; v. 38, n. 1, p. 14-34, JAN 2013.
• Web of Science Citations: 9

Abstract

Besides the pollinators (Agaonidae), several chalcidoid lineages of nonpollinating fig wasps are strictly dependent on Ficus (Moraceae) for reproduction. Overall, nonpollinating fig wasps have not received much consideration. Reliable phylogenetic and taxonomic frameworks are lacking for most groups, which hampers progress in our understanding of the evolution and functioning of fig wasp communities. Here we focus on Anidarnes Boucek (Sycophaginae), a member of the Neotropical fig wasp community. We present a detailed morphological analysis as well as the first molecular phylogeny of the genus inferred from two nuclear and two mitochondrial genes (Cytb, COI, EF-1a and 28S rRNA, 3937 bp). Twelve species are recognised, illustrated and a key to their identification is provided. Of those, only three were previously described and are redescribed here: A. bicolor (Ashmead); A. globiceps (Mayr) and A. brevicauda Boucek. In addition, nine new species are described: Anidarnes breviorsp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Costa Rica); A. dissidenssp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Brazil); A. gracilissp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Costa Rica); A. isophlebiaesp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Costa Rica); A. jimeneziaesp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Costa Rica); A. longiscutellumsp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Brazil); A. martinaesp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (U.S.A., Florida); A. nigrussp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Colombia) and A. rugosussp.n. Farache \& Rasplus (Brazil). Finally, phylogenetic relationships inferred using parsimony, bayesian and maximum likelihood methods are discussed in the light of our morphological observations and the host fig tree taxonomy. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 04/10299-4 - Effects of the forest fragmentation in the State of São Paulo and other regions of the South and Southeast of the country in the functioning of populations of fig trees and in the fig-wasp mutualism of figs
• Grantee: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira
• Support Opportunities: BIOTA-FAPESP Program - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 07/06054-4 - Diversity of wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with the genus Ficus (Moraceae) in São Paulo State
• Grantee: Fernando Henrique Antoniolli Farache
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master