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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

In vitro photodynamic inactivation of Candida species and mouse fibroblasts with phenothiazinium photosensitisers and red light

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Author(s):
Rodrigues, Gabriela B. [1] ; Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo [1] ; Holman, Natalie [2] ; Wainwright, Mark [2] ; Braga, Gilberto U. L. [1]
Total Authors: 5
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Anal Clin Toxicol & Bromatol, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto - Brazil
[2] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Pharm & Biomol Sci, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside - England
Total Affiliations: 2
Document type: Journal article
Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy; v. 10, n. 2, p. 141-149, MAY 2013.
Web of Science Citations: 27
Abstract

In the present study, the in vitro susceptibilities of five Candida spp. to photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with four phenothiazinium derivatives, methylene blue (MB), new methylene blue N (NMBN), toluidine blue O (TBO) and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitiser S137, in combination with red light were investigated. The efficacy of each PS was determined, initially, based on its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of the photodynamic treatment with NMBN and S137 on Candida survival and on the mouse fibroblast cell line L929. MICs varied both among PS and species and decreased with light dose increase. For most treatments (species and fluences) NMBN and S137 showed the lowest MICs. MICs for NMBN and S137 were <2.5 mu M for all the Candida species when a fluence of 25 J cm(-2) was used. PACT with NMBN (fluence of 15 J cm(-2)) resulted in reductions in survival from 0.3 log (Candida krusei) to 3 logs (C. parapsilosis). PACT with S137 was more effective than with NMBN. Fluence of 15 J cm(-2) resulted in reductions in survival from 1 log (C. krusei) to 3 logs (C. parapsilosis) and fluence of 25 J cm(-2) resulted in a reduction of approximately 2 logs (C. krusei) and between 3 and 4 logs in survival of the other 4 species of Candida. In vitro relative toxicities of the phenothiazinium PS to mammalian cells exhibited a similar trend to the antifungal data, i.e. greater toxicity and phototoxicity with NMBN and S137 compared to the established PS. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)