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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Neuroinflammation and astrocytic reaction in the course of Phoneutria nigriventer (armed-spider) blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening

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Author(s):
da Cruz-Hoefling, Maria Alice [1] ; Raposo, Catarina [1] ; Verinaud, Liana [2] ; Zago, Gabriela Mariotoni [1, 3]
Total Authors: 4
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Histol & Embryol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil
[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil
[3] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Med Sci, Dept Farmacol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 3
Document type: Journal article
Source: NeuroToxicology; v. 30, n. 4, p. 636-646, July 2009.
Field of knowledge: Biological Sciences - Morphology
Web of Science Citations: 12
Abstract

Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (PNV) causes uneven BBB permeability throughout different cerebral regions. Little is known about cellular and molecular responses which course with the PNVinduced BBB opening. We investigate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB), the GFAP, S100, IFN-g and TNF-a proteins expression in hippocampus and cerebellum after different timepoints from venom or saline intravenous injection. All proteins variably altered its expression temporally and regionally. WB showed increased GFAP content at 15-45 min followed by a shift below the control level which was less pronounced in hippocampus. IHC showed reactive gliosis during all the trial period. In cerebellum, GFAP was mostly immunodetected in astrocytes of the molecular layer (Bergmann glia), as was S100 protein. The maximum S100 immunolabeling was achieved at 5 h. IFN-g and TNF-a, expressed mostly by hippocampal neurons, increased along the trial period, suggesting a role in BBB permeability. In envenomed animals, closer contacts astrocyte-astrocyte, granule cells-granule cells and astrocytes-Purkinje cells were observed in cerebellum. Closer contacts between neurons-neurons-astrocytes-astrocytes were also seen in hippocampus. PNV contains serotonin, histamine, Ca2+ channels-blocking toxins, some of which affect glutamate release. The hypothesis that such substances plus the cytokines generated, could have a role in BBB permeability, and that calcium homeostasis loss and disturbance of glutamate release are associated with themarked GFAP/S100 reaction in Bergmann glia is discussed. The existence of a CNS mechanism of defense modulated differentially for fast synthesis and turnover of GFAP, S100, IFN-g and TNF-a proteins was evident... (AU)