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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Chromium and Cadmium to the Tropical Cladoceran Pseudosida ramosa and the Implications for Ecotoxicological Studies

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Author(s):
Freitas, Emanuela Cristina [1] ; Rocha, Odete [2]
Total Authors: 2
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Postgrad Program Ecol & Nat Resources, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil
[2] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 2
Document type: Journal article
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; v. 29, n. 2, p. 176-186, FEB 2014.
Web of Science Citations: 3
Abstract

In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of the metals chromium and cadmium were tested against the tropical freshwater cladoceran Pseudosida ramosa. Acute tests showed that the 48-h LC50 of chromium was 29 g L-1, while that of cadmium was 12 g L-1. P. ramosa had a similar sensitivity to those of other cladoceran species cultured in the same conditions as in this study, or a higher sensitivity when water hardness was raised. Long-term chronic exposure of P. ramosa to chromium decreased maternal survival, fecundity, and fertility at a concentration of 10 g L-1. For cadmium, reductions in the same endpoints were observed at a concentration of 3 g L-1. Moreover, the degree of toxicity of the chromium and cadmium to P. ramosa after release of the first brood was similar to the result obtained after 21 days, using reproduction as the endpoint. Brazilian water bodies located near industrial areas already show concentrations of chromium and cadmium higher than levels causing acute and chronic toxicity to P. ramosa in our study. Many water quality criteria in tropical regions are based on ecotoxicological tests with non-native species and, consequently, this may lead to errors of interpretation when the permitted maximum levels of for each toxic substance are established. Therefore, we reinforce the idea of using native species to establish the maximum concentrations of toxic substances in water quality criteria, especially for metals, since their effects are related to water hardness, pH, and temperature specific to each region. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 176-186, 2014. (AU)