A New Species of Maytenus (Celastraceae) with Fleshy Fruits from Eastern Brazil, with Notes on the Delimitation of Maytenus

Author(s)

Groppo, Milton ^[1] ; Simmons, Mark P. ^[2] ; Cappa, Jennifer J. ^[2] ; Biral, Leonardo ^[3] ; Lombardi, Julio A. ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol, BR-14051901 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[3] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias Rio Claro, Dept Bot, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: SYSTEMATIC BOTANY; v. 39, n. 2, p. 478-484, APR-JUN 2014.
• Web of Science Citations: 4

Abstract

A new species of Celastraceae, Maytenus megalocarpa, is described and illustrated. The species is known from only a small number of collections from eastern Brazil, in the Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia and Minas Gerais states. It is considered endangered given the rapid deforestation of this biome. The species is readily distinguished from its congeners by its large, tardily dehiscent fruit that does not open by reflexed valves and by the seeds enveloped by thick arils. Given its remarkable fruits and the consequent initial doubt about the generic position of the new species in Celastraceae, a phylogenetic analysis using molecular data from plastid and nuclear rDNA gene regions, together with morphological characters, was performed. The new species was consistently resolved as nested within Maytenus, which itself is paraphyletic. Incongruence between the nuclear and plastid gene regions was identified for Fraunhofera, Maytenus texana, and Plencicia. Future taxonomic changes are necessary to rigorously delimit Maytenus as a natural genus. Additional comments on geographical distribution, phenology and conservation status of the new species are also provided, as well as a key to the species of Neotropical Mayternis with spinose leaves. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/21879-5 - Systematics and phylogeny of Maytenus Molina (Celastraceae) in the Neotropical Region
• Grantee: Leonardo Biral dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 10/17400-3 - Taxonomic and floristic studies in the outside Amazon Brazil
• Grantee: Julio Antonio Lombardi
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 11/10446-0 - Systematics and taxonomy of Rudgea Salisb. (Psychotrieae, Rubiaceae)
• Grantee: Milton Groppo Júnior
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 06/03170-0 - Phylogenetic and systematic studies in Rutaceae: phylogeny and delimitation of Galipeinae (Galipeae) based on nuclear and plastidial DNA sequences
• Grantee: Milton Groppo Júnior
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants