Studies on the use of bioethanol in proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells

• Grant number: 14/09087-4
• Support type: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• Duration: February 01, 2016 - January 31, 2020
• Field of knowledge: Interdisciplinary Subjects
• Principal Investigator: Marcelo Linardi
• Grantee: Marcelo Linardi
• Home Institution: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN). Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômico (São Paulo - Estado). São Paulo , SP, Brazil
• Co-Principal Investigators: Fabio Coral Fonseca
• Assoc. researchers: Alexandre José de Castro Lanfredi ; Almir Oliveira Neto ; Daniel Zanetti de Florio ; Edgar Ferrari da Cunha ; Elisabete Inacio Santiago ; Estevam Vitorio Spinacé ; Jorge Moreira Vaz ; Patricia da Silva Pagetti de Oliveira ; Vanderlei Sérgio Bergamaschi
• Associated grant(s): 16/50339-2 - Chemical fabrication of active nanomaterials for fuel cells on natural gas and bioethanol fluels, AP.R
• Associated scholarship(s): 19/15110-2 - Development of core-shell catalysts for ethanol steam reforming reaction, BP.PD; 19/06813-0 - Studies on the use of bioethanol in proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells, BP.PD; 19/07033-8 - Technical training for the development of direct ethanol solid oxide fuel cells, BP.TT; + associated scholarships 19/04499-6 - Development of anodes with catalytic layers for direct ethanol solid oxide fuel cells, BP.DD; 19/00004-2 - Optimization of components for intermediate temperature direct ethanol fuel cells, BP.TT; 18/05819-1 - Evaluation of catalysts for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich mixtures (CO-PROX reaction), BP.TT; 18/02453-6 - Optimization of components for intermediate temperature direct ethanol fuel cells, BP.TT; 17/04929-5 - Development of catalysts to obtain hydrogen from bio-ethanol, BP.PD; 16/24387-0 - Preparation of suspensions of solid electrolytes for deposition of thin layers by inkjet printing, BP.IC; 16/07156-4 - Development of anodes with catalytic layers for direct ethanol solid oxide fuel cells, BP.DD - associated scholarships

Abstract

The use of bioethanol in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), either directly as a fuel or indirectly in the form of reformate hydrogen, has a number of technical barriers that require scientific and technological advances in order to provide high efficiency, durability, reliability and low cost to these devices. This project aims to address critical issues for the major scientific and technological challenges to advance the use of ethanol in fuel cells. For PEMFC the main focus will be the development of anode catalysts, electrolytes, and membrane/electrode/bipolar plates assemblies that allow a more efficient use of ethanol For SOFC it will be investigated anode materials resistant to carbon deposits for the direct use of ethanol. Ethanol will be also studied as a source of hydrogen by developing catalysts for steam reforming and for purification by the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide reaction (PROX-CO) of hydrogen-rich mixtures resulting from the steam reforming and shift processes. The success of this project will bring significant contributions to the advancement of the understanding of the electrochemical processes, in the development of devices that use a strategic biofuel and training of specialized human resources. (AU)

Scientific publications

(44)

(References retrieved automatically from Web of Science and SciELO through information on FAPESP grants and their corresponding numbers as mentioned in the publications by the authors)

SANTOS, MONIQUE C. L.; NUNES, LIVIA C.; SILVA, LUIS M. G.; RAMOS, ANDREZZA S.; FONSECA, FABIO C.; DE SOUZA, RODRIGO F. B.; NETO, ALMIR O. Direct Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell to Converting Methane into Methanol. CHEMISTRYSELECT, v. 4, n. 39, p. 11430-11434, OCT 24 2019. Web of Science Citations: 0.

LOPES, THIAGO; BERUSKI, OTAVIO; MANTHANWAR, AMIT M.; KORKISCHKO, IVAN; PUGLIESI, REYNALDO; STANOJEV, MARCO ANTONIO; GARCIA ANDRADE, MARCOS LEANDRO; PISTIKOPOULOS, EFSTRATIOS N.; PEREZ, JOELMA; FONSECA, FABIO CORAL; MENEGHINI, JULIO ROMANO; KUCERNAK, ANTHONY R. Spatially resolved oxygen reaction, water, and temperature distribution: Experimental results as a function of flow field and implications for polymer electrolyte fuel cell operation. APPLIED ENERGY, v. 252, OCT 15 2019. Web of Science Citations: 0.

NANDENHA, J.; PIASENTIN, R. M.; SILVA, L. M. G.; FONTES, E. H.; NETO, A. O.; DE SOUZA, R. F. B. Partial oxidation of methane and generation of electricity using a PEMFC. IONICS, v. 25, n. 10, p. 5077-5082, OCT 2019. Web of Science Citations: 1.

RODRIGUES, THENNER S.; E SILVA, FELIPE A.; CANDIDO, EDUARDO G.; DA SILVA, ANDERSON G. M.; GEONMONOND, RAFAEL DOS S.; CAMARGO, PEDRO H. C.; LINARDI, MARCELO; FONSECA, FABIO C. Ethanol steam reforming: understanding changes in the activity and stability of Rh/MxOy catalysts as function of the support. Journal of Materials Science, v. 54, n. 17, p. 11400-11416, SEP 2019. Web of Science Citations: 1.

SANTOS QUEIROZ, CARLA MOREIRA; MACHADO, ARTHUR PIGNATARO; NOBORIKAWA PAIVA, ANA RITA; ANTONIASSI, RODOLFO MOLINA; VAZ, JORGE MOREIRA; SPINACE, ESTEVAM VITORIO. Active Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by an alcohol-reduction process for low-temperature CO-PROX reaction. MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, v. 8, n. 3 SEP 2019. Web of Science Citations: 0.

ESPOSITO, VINCENZO; KABIR, AHSANUL; ROSA, MASSIMO; NONG, NGO VAN; RODRIGUES, THENNER S.; RODRIGUES, LAYS N.; MACHADO, MARINA F. S.; MORAES, LETICIA P. R.; MARANI, DEBORA; FONSECA, FABIO CORAL. Tuning diffusion paths in shaped ceria nanocrystals. CrystEngComm, v. 21, n. 27, p. 4025-4029, JUL 21 2019. Web of Science Citations: 0.

SILVA, JULIO CESAR M.; NTAIS, SPYRIDON; RAJARAMAN, VISHWANATHAN; TEIXEIRA-NETO, ERICO; TEIXEIRA-NETO, ANGELA A.; NETO, ALMIR O.; ANTONIASSI, RODOLFO M.; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V.; BARANOVA, ELENA A. The Catalytic Activity of Pt:Ru Nanoparticles for Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol Electrooxidation in a Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell. ELECTROCATALYSIS, v. 10, n. 3, p. 203-213, MAY 2019. Web of Science Citations: 0.

DO REGO, ULISSES A.; LOPES, THIAGO; BOTT-NETO, JOSE L.; GOMEZ-MARIN, ANA M.; TANAKA, AURO A.; TICIANELLI, EDSON A. Non-Noble Fe-N-x/C Electrocatalysts on Tungsten Carbides/N-Doped Carbons for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ELECTROCATALYSIS, v. 10, n. 2, p. 134-148, MAR 2019. Web of Science Citations: 1.

RODRIGUES, THENNER S.; DE MOURA, ARTHUR B. L.; E SILVA, FELIPE A.; CANDIDO, EDUARDO G.; DA SILVA, ANDERSON G. M.; DE OLIVEIRA, DANIELA C.; QUIROZ, JHON; CAMARGO, PEDRO H. C.; BERGAMASCHI, VANDERLEI S.; FERREIRA, JOAO C.; LINARDI, MARCELO; FONSECA, FABIO C. Ni supported Ce0.9Sm0.1O2-delta nanowires: An efficient catalyst for ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production. FUEL, v. 237, p. 1244-1253, FEB 1 2019. Web of Science Citations: 4.

GUALTEROS, JESUS A. D.; GARCIA, MARCO A. S.; DA SILVA, ANDERSON G. M.; RODRIGUES, THENNER S.; CANDIDO, EDUARDO G.; E SILVA, FELIPE A.; FONSECA, FABIO C.; QUIROZ, JHON; DE OLIVEIRA, DANIELA C.; CORDOBA DE TORRESI, SUSANA I.; DE MOURA, CARLA V. R.; CAMARGO, PEDRO H. C.; DE MOURA, EDMILSON M. Synthesis of highly dispersed gold nanoparticles on Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 for the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol under low metal loadings. Journal of Materials Science, v. 54, n. 1, p. 238-251, JAN 2019. Web of Science Citations: 6.

GONCALVES BIANCOLLI, ANA LAURA; HERRANZ, DANIEL; WANG, LIANQIN; STEHLIKOVA, GABRIELA; BANCE-SOUALHI, RACHIDA; PONCE-GONZALEZ, JULIA; OCON, PILAR; TICIANELLI, EDSON A.; WHELLIGAN, DANIEL K.; VARCOE, JOHN R.; SANTIAGO, ELISABETE I. ETFE-based anion-exchange membrane ionomer powders for alkaline membrane fuel cells: a first performance comparison of head-group chemistry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, v. 6, n. 47, p. 24330-24341, DEC 21 2018. Web of Science Citations: 5.

FERREIRA, JOAO C.; CAVALLARI, V, ROGER; BERGAMASCHI, VANDERLEI S.; ANTONIASSI, RODOLFO M.; TEIXEIRA-NETO, ANGELA A.; LINARDI, MARCELO; SILVA, JULIO CESAR M. Palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous biocarbon from coconut shell for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, v. 7, n. 4 NOV 2018. Web of Science Citations: 3.

LEAL, GEORGIA BARBALHO; CIOTTI, LIGIA; WATACABE, BEATRIZ NAOMY; LOUREIRO DA SILVA, DANIELA C.; ANTONIASSI, RODOLFO M.; SILVA, JULIO CESAR M.; LINARDI, MARCELO; GIUDICI, REINALDO; VAZ, JORGE MOREIRA; SPINACE, V, ESTEVAM. Preparation of Au/TiO2 by a facile method at room temperature for the CO preferential oxidation reaction. Catalysis Communications, v. 116, p. 38-42, NOV 2018. Web of Science Citations: 1.

PEREIRA, V, C.; FONTES, E. H.; NANDENHA, J.; ASSUMPCAO, M. H. M. T.; NETO, A. O. Electrocatalytic Performance of PtSn/C-In2O3 center dot SnO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Sodium Borohydride Reduction Process for Ethanol Oxidation in Acidic and Alkaline Electrolytes. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, v. 13, n. 11, p. 10587-10600, NOV 2018. Web of Science Citations: 0.

MATOS, BRUNO R.; POLITANO, RODOLFO; REY, JOSE FERNANDO Q.; HERMIDA-MERINO, DANIEL; SCHADE, ULRICH; PUSKAR, LJILJANA; FONSECA, FABIO C. Interplay of alpha/beta-Relaxation Dynamics and the Shape of Ionomer Building Blocks. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, v. 8, SEP 7 2018. Web of Science Citations: 0.

SILVA, P. S. M.; ESPOSITO, V.; MARANI, D.; DE FLORIO, D. Z.; MACHADO, I. F.; FONSECA, F. C. Thermochemical stability of zirconia-titanium nitride as mixed ionic-electronic composites. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, v. 44, n. 7, p. 8440-8446, MAY 2018. Web of Science Citations: 2.

DA SILVA, ANDERSON G. M.; BATALHA, DANIEL C.; RODRIGUES, THENNER S.; CANDIDO, EDUARDO G.; LUZ, SULUSMON C.; DE FREITAS, ISABEL C.; FONSECA, FABIO C.; DE OLIVEIRA, DANIELA C.; TAYLOR, JASON G.; CORDOBA DE TORRESI, SUSANA I.; CAMARGO, PEDRO H. C.; FAJARDO, HUMBERTO V. Sub-15 nm CeO2 nanowires as an efficient non-noble metal catalyst in the room-temperature oxidation of aniline. CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, v. 8, n. 7, p. 1828-1839, APR 7 2018. Web of Science Citations: 9.

SILVA, JULIO CESAR M.; DE FREITAS, ISABEL C.; NETO, ALMIR O.; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V.; RIBEIRO, VILMARIA A. Palladium nanoparticles supported on phosphorus-doped carbon for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. IONICS, v. 24, n. 4, p. 1111-1119, APR 2018. Web of Science Citations: 6.

MARANI, DEBORA; REIS MORAES, LETICIA PORAS; GUALANDRIS, FABRIZIO; SANNA, SIMONE; DE FLORIO, DANIEL ZANETTI; ESPOSITO, VINCENZO; FONSECA, FABIO CORAL. Nucleation front instability in two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (CGO) formation. CrystEngComm, v. 20, n. 10, p. 1405-1410, MAR 14 2018. Web of Science Citations: 1.

SANTOS, THAMYSCIRA H.; GRILO, JOAO P. F.; LOUREIRO, FRANCISCO J. A.; FAGG, DUNCAN P.; FONSECA, FABIO C.; MACEDO, DANIEL A. Structure, densification and electrical properties of Gd3+ and Cu2+ co-doped ceria solid electrolytes for SOFC applications: Effects of Gd2O3 content. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, v. 44, n. 3, p. 2745-2751, FEB 15 2018. Web of Science Citations: 22.

DO REGO, ULISSES ALVES; LOPES, THIAGO; BOTT-NETO, JOSE LUIZ; TANAKA, AURO ATSUSHI; TICIANELLI, EDSON ANTONIO. Oxygen reduction electrocatalysis on transition metal-nitrogen modified tungsten carbide nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, v. 810, p. 222-231, FEB 1 2018. Web of Science Citations: 5.

DE SOUZA PEREIRA, JULIAN M.; CIOTTI, LIGIA; VAZ, JORGE MOREIRA; SPINACE, ESTEVAM VITORIO. Preparation of Au/TiO2 Catalyst by a Liquid-Phase Reduction Method for Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in a Hydrogen Rich-Stream (CO-PROX reaction). MATERIALS RESEARCH-IBERO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS, v. 21, n. 2, p. -, 2018. Web of Science Citations: 0.

ANTONIASSI, R. M.; SILVA, J. C. M.; OLIVEIRA NETO, A.; SPINACE, E. V. Synthesis of Pt+SnO2/C electrocatalysts containing Pt nanoparticles with preferential (100) orientation for direct ethanol fuel cell. APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, v. 218, p. 91-100, DEC 5 2017. Web of Science Citations: 17.

ANTONIASSI, R. M.; SILVA, J. C. M.; LOPES, T.; OLIVEIRA NETO, A.; SPINACE, E. V. Carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles with (100) preferential orientation with enhanced electrocatalytic properties for carbon monoxide, methanol and ethanol oxidation in acidic medium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, v. 42, n. 8, p. 28786-28796, NOV 30 2017. Web of Science Citations: 6.

BERUSKI, OTAVIO; LOPES, THIAGO; KUCERNAK, ANTHONY R. J.; PEREZ, JOELMA. Investigation of convective transport in the gas diffusion layer used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS, v. 2, n. 10 OCT 17 2017. Web of Science Citations: 2.

RIBEIRO, VILMARIA A.; DE FREITAS, ISABEL C.; NETO, ALMIR O.; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V.; SILVA, JULIO CESAR M. Platinum nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon for ammonia electro-oxidation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, v. 200, p. 354-360, OCT 1 2017. Web of Science Citations: 4.

DA SILVA, SIRLANE G.; FONTES, ERIC H.; ASSUMPCAO, MONICA H. M. T.; LINARDI, MARCELO; SPINACE, ESTEVAM; SILVA, JULIO CESAR M.; NETO, ALMIR O. Fuel cell and electrochemical studies of the ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media using PtAuIr/C as anodes. IONICS, v. 23, n. 9, p. 2367-2376, SEP 2017. Web of Science Citations: 3.

STEIL, M. C.; NOBREGA, S. D.; GEORGES, S.; GELIN, P.; UHLENBRUCK, S.; FONSECA, F. C. Durable direct ethanol anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell. APPLIED ENERGY, v. 199, p. 180-186, AUG 1 2017. Web of Science Citations: 17.

DA SILVA, A. A. A.; BION, N.; EPRON, F.; BARAKA, S.; FONSECA, F. C.; RABELO-NETO, R. C.; MATTOS, L. V.; NORONHA, F. B. Effect of the type of ceria dopant on the performance of Ni/CeO2 SOFC anode for ethanol internal reforming. APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, v. 206, p. 626-641, JUN 5 2017. Web of Science Citations: 28.

LIMA DOS SANTOS, MONIQUE CAROLINA; DUTRA, RITA MARIA; RIBEIRO, VILMARIA APARECIDA; SPINACE, ESTEVAM VITORIO; NETO, ALMIR OLIVEIRA. Preparation of PtRu/C Electrocatalysts by Borohydride Reduction for Methanol Oxidation in Acidic and Alkaline Medium. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, v. 12, n. 5, p. 3549-3560, MAY 2017. Web of Science Citations: 5.

PEREIRA, VIVIANE SANTOS; DA SILVA, JULIO C. M.; OLIVEIRA NETO, ALMIR; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V. PtRu Nanoparticles Supported on Phosphorous-Doped Carbon as Electrocatalysts for Methanol Electro-Oxidation. ELECTROCATALYSIS, v. 8, n. 3, p. 245-251, MAY 2017. Web of Science Citations: 4.

OTTONI, CRISTIANE ANGELICA; DE SOUZA, RODINEY RANDELLO; DA SILVA, SIRLANE GOMES; SPINACE, ESTEVAN VITORIO; BRAMBILLA DE SOUZA, RODRIGO FERNANDO; NETO, ALMIR OLIVEIRRA. Performance of Pd Electrocatalyst Supported on a Physical Mixture Indium Tin Oxide-carbon for Glycerol Electro-oxidation in Alkaline Media. Electroanalysis, v. 29, n. 4, p. 960-964, APR 2017. Web of Science Citations: 2.

MATOS, BRUNO R.; DA SILVA, JAQUELINE S.; SANTIAGO, ELISABETE I.; PARRA, DUCLERC F.; CARASTAN, DANILO J.; DE FLORIO, DANIEL Z.; ANDRADA, HEBER E.; CARRERAS, ALEJO C.; FONSECA, FABIO C. Proton and cesium conductivity in perfluorosulfonate ionomers at low and high relative humidity. Solid State Ionics, v. 301, p. 86-94, MAR 2017. Web of Science Citations: 1.

Preparation of Au/TiO2 Catalyst by a Liquid-Phase Reduction Method for Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in a Hydrogen Rich-Stream (CO-PROX reaction). MATERIALS RESEARCH-IBERO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS, n. ahead, p. -, 2017.

SHAYENNE DINIZ DA NOBREGA; NATALIA KONDO MONTEIRO; FRANCISCO TABUTI; DANIEL ZANETTI DE FLORIO; FABIO CORAL FONSECA. Optimization of spin-coated electrodes for electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells. MATERIA-RIO DE JANEIRO, v. 22, n. 1 2017. Web of Science Citations: 0.

MALKO, DANIEL; KUCERNAK, ANTHONY; LOPES, THIAGO. Performance of Fe-N/C Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts toward NO2-, NO, and NH2OH Electroreduction: From Fundamental Insights into the Active Center to a New Method for Environmental Nitrite Destruction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 138, n. 49, p. 16056-16068, DEC 14 2016. Web of Science Citations: 31.

SANTOS, M. C. L.; OTTONI, C. A.; DE SOUZA, R. F. B.; DA SILVA, S. G.; ASSUMPCAO, M. H. M. T.; SPINACE, E. V.; NETO, A. O. Methanol Oxidation in Alkaline Medium Using PtIn/C Electrocatalysts. ELECTROCATALYSIS, v. 7, n. 6, p. 445-450, NOV 2016. Web of Science Citations: 4.

MALKO, DANIEL; KUCERNAK, ANTHONY; LOPES, THIAGO. In situ electrochemical quantification of active sites in Fe-N/C non-precious metal catalysts. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, v. 7, OCT 31 2016. Web of Science Citations: 72.

ANTONIASSI, R. M.; OTUBO, L.; VAZ, J. M.; OLIVEIRA NETO, A.; SPINACE, E. V. Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles with preferential (100) orientation directly on the carbon support for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell. JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS, v. 342, p. 67-74, OCT 2016. Web of Science Citations: 13.

FONTES, E. H.; DA SILVA, SIRLANE G.; SPINACE', E. V.; NETO, A. O.; DE SOUZA, R. F. B. In Situ ATR-FTIR Studies of Ethanol Electro-oxidation in Alkaline Medium on PtRh/C Electrocatalyst Prepared by an Alcohol Reduction Process. ELECTROCATALYSIS, v. 7, n. 4, p. 297-304, JUL 2016. Web of Science Citations: 6.

OTTONI, CRISTIANE ANGELICA; DA SILVA, SIRLANE G.; DE SOUZA, RODRIGO F. B.; OLIVEIRA NETO, ALMIR. Glycerol oxidation reaction using PdAu/C electrocatalysts. IONICS, v. 22, n. 7, p. 1167-1175, JUL 2016. Web of Science Citations: 12.

PINHEIRO, L. B.; TABUTI, F. N.; MARTINELLI, A. E.; FONSECA, F. C. Influence of microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment on the properties of nickel oxide-zirconia based composites. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, v. 42, n. 7, p. 9058-9064, MAY 15 2016. Web of Science Citations: 3.

MATOS, BRUNO R.; DRESCH, MAURO A.; SANTIAGO, ELISABETE I.; MORAES, LETICIA P. R.; CARASTAN, DANILO J.; SCHOENMAKER, JEROEN; VELASCO-DAVALOS, IVAN A.; RUEDIGER, ANDREAS; TAVARES, ANA C.; FONSECA, FABIO C. Nafion membranes annealed at high temperature and controlled humidity: structure, conductivity, and fuel cell performance. Electrochimica Acta, v. 196, p. 110-117, APR 1 2016. Web of Science Citations: 6.

DOUBEK, GUSTAVO; SEKOL, RYAN C.; LI, JINYANG; RYU, WON-HEE; GITTLESON, FORREST S.; NEJATI, SIAMAK; MOY, ERIC; REID, CANDY; CARMO, MARCELO; LINARDI, MARCELO; BORDEENITHIKASEM, PUNNATHAT; KINSER, EMILY; LIU, YANHUI; TONG, XIAO; OSUJI, CHINEDUM O.; SCHROERS, JAN; MUKHERJEE, SUNDEEP; TAYLOR, ANDRE D. Guided Evolution of Bulk Metallic Glass Nanostructures: A Platform for Designing 3D Electrocatalytic Surfaces. Advanced Materials, v. 28, n. 10, p. 1940+, MAR 9 2016. Web of Science Citations: 24.