Effect of jump squat training and detraining on mitochondrial gene expression of skeletal muscle of obese rats

• Grant number: 13/27143-6
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: May 01, 2014
• End date: December 31, 2016
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy
• Principal Investigator: Patricia Monteiro Seraphim
• Grantee: Thais Batista Dutra
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Presidente Prudente. Presidente Prudente , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The desire to leverage and endure physiological gains or the ideal homeostatic state of the organism dates back to historical periods of humanity. Any type of stress to the organism can cause adaptation, such as an increase of mitochondrial volume, with increased expression of protein PGC -1a, which can be changed by temperature, nutrient availability, and training or detraining. With behavioral changes in dietary patterns, some chronic degenerative diseases are manifested in a systematic way, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance, all involving an inflammatory state. Physical training is a useful and cheap tool to improve glucose uptake in a state of insulin resistance presented with obesity. This is possible through activation of an insulin-independent pathway and that causes increased glucose transporter translocation to the plasma membrane involving the protein AMPK. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of vertical jumping training with weights and detraining on genes expression involved in glucose uptake and mitochondrial density, and improved anaerobic capacity of skeletal muscle of rats. The animals will be divided into 8 groups: E - Exercise, OE - Obese Exercise, S - Sedentary, OS - Obese Sedentary; ED5 - Exercise Untrained five-months-old; S5 - Sedentary five-months-old; OED5 - Obese Exercise Untrained five-months-old; OS5 - Obese Sedentary five-months-old. After the random selection, rats will be submitted to the intervention of intermittent training jumps in jump squat type with ballast weight in the back for 8 weeks and detraining for 4 weeks. Serum samples will be collected for lactic acid analysis every two weeks of training. After sacrifice the animals will be anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital anesthetic and gastrocnemius muscle will be extracted for the quantification of mRNA Prkaa2 gene (encodes AMPKa2 protein), Ucp3, and Ppargc1a (encodes Pgc1a protein) by RT -PCR. For statistical analysis as means of descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency (mean values) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation) will be used in the study. The analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) will be used to analyze the existence of statistically significant differences between the averages. The Pearson product-moment correlation is the statistical method adopted to attest to the existence of possible relationships between the variables analyzed. The Binary logistic regression (odds ratio) will be used to indicate the degree of extension of the associations between fatty supplementation and other variables studied. Before any abnormal distribution of the data statistical nonparametric equivalents of the above procedures will be used. Regardless of the type of data distribution p values, less than 5% will be considered statistically significant. The software used for the statistical analysis of the data will be the SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). (AU)