Epidemiological evaluation of patients admitted with acute and chronic kidney disease in emergency room and wards of the Hospital das Clínicas of Faculty of Medicine da Universidade de São Paulo

• Grant number: 19/08815-0
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Effective date (Start): February 01, 2020
• Effective date (End): February 28, 2022
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine - Medical Clinics
• Principal researcher: Lucia da Conceição Andrade
• Grantee: Pedro Ishigami Miyake
• Home Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FM). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Through the last years, with the use of technology in favor of the collection of epidemiological data, a clear increase in the prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is observed in several parts of the world. In countries with a certain degree of development this is often related to the growth of life expectancy of its population which is also associated with a greater number of hospitalizations, hence there are increased chances in the risks of sepsis, the use of contrast dye in radiological exams and the co-morbidities related to aging, often requiring neurotoxic drugs. Brazil, a developing country that fits in this context presents a large number of factors triggering the increase of AKI which happens due to a disorganized health system coupled with inefficient data collection. Unlike Brazil, developed countries such as the USA, England, and Japan, present a detailed study about the statistics of the disease and its causes, which converge to better effectiveness in combating this disease. Since AKI is associated with increased mortality and hospitalization costs, there is a great need to study its triggering factors. The Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School São Paulo is the largest tertiary care center for patients with AKI in Latin America but still deals with infrastructure problems that make it difficult to carry out an epidemiological study. Despite presenting electronic medical records, the site still uses paper chips, since the local wi-fi service is still incipient. Thus, within the scope of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of São Paulo, the purpose is to detail the characteristics of patients hospitalized in order to improve the treatment of AKI, through data obtained in nursing and emergency room during from 2016 to 2018. These data were transformed into Excel spreadsheets and might be of international importance, given the growing research related to AKI and Brazil's contribution to BEST studies. Even though Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is most prevalent in developed countries it is still subject to this study. Similarly to AKI in Brazil, epidemiological data still uncertain which makes it difficult to seek preventive treatment for this disease. It presents as main risk groups hypertensive and diabetic, those diseases have a higher incidence with increasing age and easily mitigated with effective primary care. In its more advanced stages it may require renal replacement therapy, which presents high costs, moreover is still inefficient in Brazil. A detailed statistical study of CKD may help the primary area in the treatment of its main underlying causes, in addition to reducing costs for the country's health, since in its more advanced stages require high-cost treatments. We propose to study the patients admitted to the Emergency Room and patients from the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of São Paulo who develop or are admitted with AKI or CKD. (AU)