Correlation of concentrated air particles in the development of periodontal disease in mice

• Grant number: 19/27272-7
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• Effective date (Start): April 01, 2020
• Effective date (End): February 28, 2022
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Periodontology
• Principal researcher: Luis Carlos Spolidorio
• Grantee: Álvaro Formoso Pelegrin
• Home Institution: Faculdade de Odontologia (FOAr). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Araraquara. Araraquara , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Vehicle and industrial emissions highlight as the main responsible for the high quantities of pollutants in urban centers. The exhaustion of combustion gases, for example, is composed by a mixture of gaseous compounds and particulate matter (PM), which, when inhaled, may lead to several impacts on human health. The combustion process, generated naturally or by human action, causes the release of high amounts of particulate matter, which accumulates in the atmosphere. Among the types of particulate matter present in the air, the greatest concern of researchers is the fine particle (PM2.5), whose diameter is less than 2.5 µm and causes local and systemic responses in those exposed to this category of particle. Environmental levels of PM have been associated with an increase in morbidity, hospitalization and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, as well as with cancer and impaired cognition. The PM associated with exhaustion and combustion, especially by anthropic actions, causes oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, dysfunction of the immunoinflammatory process, acceleration of chronic diseases related to age, bone resorption and genotoxicity. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollutants on the immunoinflammatory response and on alveolar bone loss, in a model of periodontitis induced by Escherichia coli LPS. To this end, we propose the following objective objectives: to assess the impact of inhalation of gases and particulate matter on normal periodontal tissues and submitted to periodontal disease. An experimental approach will involve groups of mice that will be exposed to atmospheric air or exposed to concentrated air particulate. From the beginning of the investigations, the animals appeared to periodontitis induced by bilateral injection of Escherichia coli 3x/week for 4 weeks. After euthanasia, alveolar and palate bone loss were quantified by µCT, descriptive histological analysis of sections stained by H&E and Masson's trichrome, stereometry of the inflammatory process, profile of cytokines IL-15ý, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- 5ü (ELISA) and myeloperoxidase activity assay (MPO). We expect to notice a significant effect of particulate matter on the immunoinflammatory response, including exacerbation of bone resorption. The proposed objectives provide information on the potential of PM as a systemic risk factor in the development of periodontal disease and periodontal health is affected in the absence of bacterial LPS. (AU)