Evaluation of Salivary S100A12 Protein Expression as a Biomarker for Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

• Grant number: 23/16594-9
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: June 01, 2024
• End date: May 31, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Dental Clinics
• Principal Investigator: Emanuel da Silva Rovai
• Grantee: Fabiola Pedroso Amorim
• Host Institution: Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de São José dos Campos. São José dos Campos , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The S100 proteins act in cellular metabolism, regulating proliferation, differentiation,apoptosis, Ca+2 homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and inflammation. Among theS100 protein family, S100A12 is known to promote various pro-inflammatoryextracellular actions, playing a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontaldisease. A previous cross-sectional study from our group (data not yet published)demonstrated the alteration of S100 proteins in diabetic patients with periodontitisthrough salivary proteomic analysis. Additionally, literature has suggested S100A12 as apotential salivary biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseaseprogression in normoreactive patients. However, it remains unclear whether this proteinis also an effective marker when used in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus(DM), and whether periodontal treatment can reduce this marker. Diabetes mellitus isone of the major risk factors for periodontitis, and this relationship appears to bebidirectional, as periodontal treatment can contribute to glycemic control. Thus,monitoring the risk of progression and early diagnosis of periodontal disease in thisgroup of individuals is of great interest. However, we hypothesize that patients withperiodontitis and Type 2 DM exhibit elevated levels of S100A12 protein in saliva, whichcould serve as a marker for monitoring the risk and diagnosis of periodontitis in thisgroup of individuals. Furthermore, we also hypothesize that periodontal treatmentreduces the levels of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate theassociation of salivary S100A12 protein with periodontitis in Type 2 diabetic patientsand to assess the effect of periodontal treatment on the levels of this protein at 1 and 3months post-treatment.