High-risk pregnancy in Primary Care: analysis periodontal condition-related quality of life and associated risk factors

• Grant number: 24/01759-5
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: February 01, 2025
• End date: August 31, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Pediatric Dentistry
• Principal Investigator: Gerson Aparecido Foratori Junior
• Grantee: Amanda Borges Pirondi
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOB). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Bauru , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Any unexpected or unanticipated medical or obstetric condition associated with pregnancy with an actual or potential danger to the health or well-being of the mother or fetus is considered a high-risk pregnancy. In addition to high blood pressure during pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, other challenges of pregnancy are Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and obesity. The objective of this study will be to identify periodontal changes, quality of life and risk factors associated with high-risk pregnancy in women treated in Primary Care during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, comparing these outcomes with normal-risk pregnant women. Sample will be recruited, consecutively, from the Basic Health Units of Bauru-SP, and the "Casa da Mulher", and the women will be divided into: with high-risk pregnancy (G1 = 60); and with an usual high-risk pregnancy (G2 = 60). The following will be evaluated: a) anthropometric variables (weight, height, BMI, gestational weight gain); b) contextual variables (age, education, monthly family income, number of pregnancies); c) oral hygiene behaviors (daily frequency of tooth brushing and flossing); d) periodontal condition (periodontitis and gingivitis); e) quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP-14). For quantitative variates, normality will first be tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparison between groups for quantitative variates with normal distribution will be performed using the t test; for quantitative variates without normal distribution and for ordinal qualitative variates, Mann-Whitney test will be performed; and for nominal qualitative variates it will be performed using the Chi-square test. The independent variables that present p < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis will be inserted into the binary logistic regression model, in order to evaluate which factors will be related to the outcomes (0= without gingivitis; and 1= with gingivitis; 0= without periodontitis; and 1= with periodontitis; or 0= no impact/low impact on quality of life; and 1= with medium/high impact on quality of life). Furthermore, using logistic regression models, the degree of importance of the presence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Arterial Hypertension, Obesity (or association between them) on periodontal conditions and quality of life will be investigated (P < 0.05).