Effect of high-power diode laser on the surface microhardness of demineralized tooth enamel in primary and permanent teeth associated with remineralizing agents: An in-vitro study

• Grant number: 24/22283-9
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: May 01, 2025
• End date: December 31, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Pediatric Dentistry
• Principal Investigator: Maria Cristina Borsatto
• Grantee: Gabriela Silva Gonçalves
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Ribeirão Preto , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Dental caries is a chronic disease primarily caused by microorganisms of the mutans group, affecting a large portion of the global population. Initially, it involves the demineralization of tooth enamel, which can progress to deeper cavities. If untreated, these lesions may compromise dental aesthetics and function. Current treatment emphasizes minimally invasive approaches, focusing on prevention and lesion control, particularly through the use of fluorides to promote enamel remineralization. Diode lasers show potential for enamel remineralization, with research indicating increased hardness and resistance in treated areas. However, most studies are conducted on permanent teeth, with limited data available for primary teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate, using superficial microhardness analysis, the effect of high-power diode laser application, with or without fluoride, on demineralized enamel surfaces of primary and permanent teeth. Twenty permanent molars and twenty primary molars will be selected, sectioned buccolingually, yielding 80 mesial and distal surfaces. These will be divided into eight groups: Group P1 (untreated permanent molars), P2 (diode laser on permanent molars), P3 (APF gel on permanent molars), P4 (APF gel + diode laser on permanent molars), D1 (untreated primary molars), D2 (diode laser on primary molars), D3 (APF gel on primary molars), and D4 (APF gel + diode laser on primary molars).A 3 mm diameter area will be delimited on each specimen, exposed to an acid challenge, and subsequently subjected to different surface treatments. Following these protocols, superficial microhardness tests and surface evaluation using scanning electron microscopy will be performed. The results will undergo statistical analysis using the most appropriate tests.