Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride feeding time and feedlot days on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nellore bulls

Author(s)

Antonio Carlos Ramos dos Santos

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2015-02-27

Examining board members

Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna; Sérgio Bertelli Pflanzer Júnior; Saulo da Luz e Silva

• Advisor: Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) feeding time and feedlot days on performance, carcass characteristics, yield commercial cuts and meat quality of Nellore bulls. Ninety six Nellore bulls with initial body weight of 377 ± 25.1 kg were used in a randomized complete block in 4 × 2 factorial design, with four periods of ZH feeding (0, 20, 30 or 40 d) and 90 or 117 d in the feedlot. The supplementation period with ZH (8.33 mg/kg of dietary dry matter basis) started 23, 33 or 43 d before slaughter. In the last three days prior to slaughter all the animals were fed the diet without ZH, respecting the product grace period. Strip loin (m. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) of all left-carcases were sampled for meat quality analysis. With the exception of LM area obtained both by ultrasound (P = 0.02) and by refrigerated carcasses (P = 0.05), there was no interaction between periods ZH feeding and days in the feedlot (P > 0.10). The increase of the supplementation period with ZH linearly increased feed efficiency (P < 0.01), hot carcass weight (P < 0.01), hot carcass yield (P < 0.01) and boning yield (P < 0.01). Beef strip loin steaks from animals supplemented with ZH presented a higher percentage of protein content (P < 0.01), while the 12th-rib fat (P = 0.04) and the percentage content of intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) decreased with ZH feeding. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (P = 0.01) with the ZH feeding and was mainly attributed to the increase of linoleic acid (18:2 cis-9, cis-12; P = 0.01) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, P < 0.01). The Warner-Bratzler shear force (P < 0.01) from the strip loin samples increased with the inclusion of dietary ZH and this result was independent of the aging time (7, 14, 21 or 28 d postmortem). There was interaction between ZH feeding period and maturation time (14 or 28 d postmortem) to initial tenderness score (P = 0.03) and connective tissue score (P < 0.01), showing that the maturation process improved meat tenderness of control animals rather than ZH animals. Despite the initial meat tenderness decrease, strip loin steaks of animals supplemented with ZH were still considered tender by trained evaluators. ZH improves Nellore bulls meat production efficiency, providing an increase in muscle mass of the treated animals with no change in dry matter intake. However, treatment of animals with ZH reduces the tenderness and the speed of the strip loin maturation process. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/14997-4 - Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride feeding time and feedlot days on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nellore bulls
• Grantee: Antonio Carlos Ramos dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master