Restructuration of milk fat by enzymatic interesterification using immobilized lipase: optimization of reaction and operational conditions

Author(s)

Ariela Veloso de Paula

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Lorena.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL/ASDI)
• Defense date: 2012-01-27

Examining board members

Júlio César dos Santos; Agenor Furigo Junior; Pedro Carlos de Oliveira; Victor Haber Perez; Arnaldo Márcio Ramalho Prata

• Advisor: Júlio César dos Santos

Abstract

The food industries have been interested to develop new technologies to obtain healthier products with sensory characteristics appreciated by the consumer. Among food products, oil and fat could be highlighted due to their importance in sensory characteristics. In this matter, the purpose of this study has been to optimize the reaction and operational conditions to restructure fat of milk by enzymatic interesterification with soybean oil, using immobilized lipase of Rhizopus oryzae in organic-inorganic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) hybrid matrix. Firstly, the immobilized system has been used in the reactions on batch mode in stirred tank reactor for 48 hours. The reaction conditions that allowed the maximization of the interesterification degree, the minimization of the free fatty acids content and to have an interesterified product with the consistency in the target range (200 to 800 g/cm2) were: 65% milk fat in the reaction mixture, 500 units of activity per gram of medium, 10% humidity in the immobilized derivative and reaction temperature of 45 ºC. Under these conditions, an interesterified product with 385 gf/cm2 consistency was obtained. Following, tests of interesterification of milk fat with soybean oil were carried out in stirred tank reactor in batch mode and with a basket (central or lateral) inside the vessel aiming to isolate the immobilized system of the contact with mechanical parts of the mixer. The basket in the central configuration has been selected because, in 4 hours of reaction, it allowed to obtain an interesterified product with an adequate value of consistency (387.00 gf/cm2), the highest interesterification degree (8.01%) and the lowest free fatty acids content (4.61%), besides an easy handling compared to the lateral basket configuration. In tests on reactors operating in continuous mode, Rhizopus oryzae lipase immobilized by physical adsorption in SiO2-PVA was used. Four reactions have been performed in packed bed reactor, and two different commercial sources of fat have been evaluated. In the interesterification of milk fat of one of the commercial marks evaluated, a product with adequate consistency (712.08 gf/cm2) was obtained in just 12 minutes. Finally, two reactions in fluidized bed have been performed using the commercial lipase Novozym® 435 and Rhizopus oryzae lipase immobilized in SiO2-PVA. The results showed the Rhizopus oryzae lipase is a biocatalyst with potential for modification of milk fat, considering its use resulted in a higher percentual reduction (52.31 %) of the products consistency in relation to the reaction mixture, comparatively to the observed when Novozym® 435 (33.97 %) was used as biocatalyst. The obtained results were satisfactory and allowed the determination of process conditions in different kinds of bioreactors, besides to contribute to the development of national technologies of enzymatic processes in industrial scale for the manufacturing of products of economic and social interest. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 08/00314-7 - Restructuration of milkfat by enzymatic interesterification using immobilized lipase: Optimization of the reactional and operational conditions.
• Grantee: Ariela Veloso de Paula
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate