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| Author(s): |
Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2014-12-17 |
| Examining board members: |
Mayra Elena Ortiz D'Avila Assumpção;
Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla;
Sony Dimas Bicudo;
Eneiva Carla Carvalho Celeghini;
Paulo César Maiorka
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| Advisor: | Mayra Elena Ortiz D'Avila Assumpção |
| Abstract | |
Sperm DNA fragmentation is referred as one of the main causes of male\'s infertility. Among the etiologies of abnormalities on DNA integrity the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protamination failures and apoptosis are considered the most important. The known sensitivity of ram´s sperm to reproductive biotechnologies could be a result of a higher susceptibility to the action of ROS or changes in sperm protamination triggered by oxidative stress induced by heat stress. This would increase the susceptibility of sperm DNA to fragmentation. Initially, the ram sperm quality, seminal protamine gene expression and oxidative status were evaluated in semen samples of different levels of susceptibility to lipid peroxidation (low, medium, high and very high). There was an increase on glutathione peroxidase and decreased glutathione reductase enzymes' activity in groups with high and very high susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. However, only catalase showed increased immunodetection. An increase on total defects and damaged acrosomal and plasmatic membranes were observed in the group showing the highest susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Also, the percentage of sperm with low mitochondrial membrane potential, the percentage of sperm susceptible to chromatin damage and the number of copies of protamine 1 (PRM1) mRNA were increased in the group showing higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The second study evaluated sperm\'s attributes from the epididymis and ejaculated sperm subjected to heat stress induced by testicular insulation (treated group), as well as correlations with the antioxidant status. We observed decrease on motility, vigor, and mass motility and increase on the percentages of sperm showing major and minor defects, and damaged plasma and acrosome membranes in the treated group. These differences were not observed in epididymal sperm. Increased enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were observed in the treated group. Mitochondrial metabolism appeared to be involved in the oxidative homeostasis imbalance. This was effectively observed by a decrease on the percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated group. A third study was conducted to determine the effect of heat stress induced by testicular insulation on the integrity of chromatin, protamination and apoptotic activation pathway in ram testis. An increase on the percentage of sperm with susceptibility to chromatin fragmentation in the treated group was observed. However, the previous findings were not observed in epididymal sperm. A higher percentage of sperm showing DNA fragmentation level III (Comet assay) and an increase on the number of copies of transition protein 1(TNP1) mRNA were observed in the treated group. In epididymal sperm, a higher expression of the PMR1 gene was observed on the 30th day of the espermatogenic cycle, while TNP1 behaved contrarily. In the testicular samples, the anti-apoptotic protein Bax was detected only in spermatocytes while Bcl-2 was observed singularly in spermatids, with no difference between groups. In conclusion, the disruption of oxidative homeostasis may be exacerbated by the higher susceptibility of ram\'s sperm to lipid peroxidation, which could be the main etiology of chromatin damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by heat stress impairs sperm attributes and DNA integrity. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/11231-8 - Study of factors involved in DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa in ram. |
| Grantee: | Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |