Dietary intake and genetic variants of folate and its relation to folate, unmetabolized folic acid and homocysteine blood concentrations after mandoty folic acid fortification: population based study ISA-Capital

Author(s)

Josiane Steluti

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP/CIR)
• Defense date: 2015-02-26

Examining board members

Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni; Semíramis Martins Álvares Domene; Patrícia Constante Jaime; Marcelo Macedo Rogero; Eliseu Verly Junior

• Advisor: Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni

Abstract

Introduction: Food fortification is an important strategy in public health policy for controlling micronutrient malnutrition, and a major contributory factor in the eradication of micronutrients deficiencies. Motivated by the reduction in the occurrence of neural tube defects, countries worldwide, including Brazil, adopted food fortification with folic acid (FA). Folic acid fortification has increased dietary intakes of folic acid and folate status, but it is also associated with the presence of circulating FA. Although the metabolism and biological effects of circulating of folic acid are not well known, it may be a contributing factor in safety concerns associated with high oral doses of folic acid. Objective: To assess the folate intake and status, homocysteine and circulating FA after mandatory fortification with folic acid, and interaction with polymorphisms involved in 1-carbon metabolism. Material and Methods: Data were from 750 individuals aged > 14 years old who participated of a cross-sectional population-based survey in Sao Paulo City-Brazil. Fasting blood samples and information about food intake based on two measures of 24 hour food recall were collected. All analyses were carried out using STATA (version 13.0) and p-value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant in all tests. Results: Results were from 750 individuals. Women accounted for 53.1 per cent of the population and average age was 40.7 (IC95 per cent 38.8-42.5) years. The overall mean folate intake and folate concentration were 375.8 (95 per cent CI: 363.0-388.6) mcg/day of DFE and 13 (95 per cent CI: 12-14) ng/mL, respectively. Only 1.76 per cent of 7 population had folate deficiency (<3 ng/mL). Circulating FA was detected in 79.8 per cent of the population with a mean concentration of 2.4 (95 per cent CI: 2.1-2.7) pmol/ml. Effects of total folate concentration (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), current smoker (p=0.002), race (p<0.000) and vitamin B6 (p<0.001) as well as interaction between folate concentration and 19-base pair deletion polymorphism in DHFR (p=0.003) were found in the model to predict the circulating FA. An increase of one ng/mL in folate concentrate was associated with increased of 3 per cent in circulating FA. Conclusions: There is low prevalence of folate deficiency and high prevalence of detectable levels of circulating FA the population. The fortification effectively increased folate status and folic acid intake, and had a notable influence on rankings of food contributors of folate intake. Although the success of folic acid fortification was observed in many countries, the scientific community is not unanimous in approval of mandatory fortification policies and the indiscriminate use of supplements. The monitoring is recommended to guarantee the safety of exposure to folic acid, and avoiding adverse health effects. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/19899-5 - Dietary intake and genetic variants of folate and its relation to folate, unmetabolized folic acid and homocysteine blood concentrations after mandoty folic acid fortification: population based study - ISA-Capital.
• Grantee: Josiane Steluti
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate