Omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids in the modulation of inflammatory phenomenon and endoplasmatic reticulum stress in aorta of obese animals: role of GPR120 receptor

Author(s)

Alexandre Moura Assis

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
• Defense date: 2016-01-22

Examining board members

Dennys Esper Cintra; Márcia Regina Nagaoka; Eliana Pereira de Araujo

• Advisor: Dennys Esper Cintra

Abstract

Obesity is one of the most important health issue worldwide and many obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis exarcebates the problem. Many studies have suggested the chronic and low-grade inflammatory status of obesity as the major factor to development of metabolic disorders. The synergism between the activation of TLR4 and endoplasmatic reticulum stress pathways has been showed to be key process in the progress and development of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases, mainly during the first steps of atherogenesis, becoming upstream pathogenic targets in cardiometabolic diseases. The cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 consumption are attributed to it¿s hypotriclyceridemic and antiinflammatory effects, but the celular mechanisms of action of this lipids are not fully understood. Recently, several membrane receptors such as GPR120 and GPR40 were reported as free fatty acid receptors and it¿s activation are able to trigger antiinflammatory signaling. Experimental studies showed expression and activation of GPR120 by omega-3 in central nervous system and peripheric tissues of obese mice and this stimulation abolishes inflammation, restoring the control of food intake, leptin and insulin sensitivity. In this study, the activation of GPR120 in aorta did not attenuates TAB1 and TAK1 interaction, but was observed significantly decreasing of inflammatory and endoplasmatic reticulum stress markers in aorta of obese Swiss mice with flaxseed oil-enriched hyperlipidic diet (FS). The FS group improved insulin signaling in this tissue and ameliorates the serum lipid profile. The mass spectrometry detected the incorporation of ALA in FS group and showed enhanced lipid content in aorta, with higher prevalence of unsaturated fatty acids than high fat diet group. In LDLr knockout mice, the GPR120 activation did not seems to be fundamental to decrease inflammation and endoplasmatic reticulum stress, and the results also showed improved serum lipids in FS group. In short, the cardioprotection effects exercised by omega-3 appear to be attributed to decreasing in inflammatory pathways and improvement in metabolic parameters, without direct dependence of GPR120 (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/25742-0 - Unsaturated fatty acids in the modulation of inflammatory phenomenon and endoplasmatic reticulum stress in the arterial wall of obese and diabetic animals: role of GPR120 receptor
• Grantee: Alexandre Moura Assis
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master