Biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolates from candidemia episodes from the Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP

Author(s)

Bárbara Cardoso

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2017-06-14

Examining board members

Marcia Eliana da Silva Ferreira; Paulo Sergio Rodrigues Coelho

• Advisor: Marcia Eliana da Silva Ferreira

Abstract

Candida spp. is part of the most important group of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, which is associated with high mortality rates. The main species causing bloodstream infections are: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The knowledge about these species´ distribution and their antifungal susceptibility profiles is essential to establish measures to control candidemia. The pathogenesis of these yeasts depends on some virulence factors, such as their ability to escape host defense and their capacity of forming biofilm. Biofilms are organized microbial communities adhered to a biotic or abiotic solid surface and surrounded by an extracellular matrix; they can be resistant to antimicrobial agents and the source of chronic and persistent infections, and its fungal-host relationship is still little known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofilm formation on antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species isolated from candidemia episodes at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. A total of 70 Candida spp. samples were isolated through blood culture, and the patients\' characteristics were evaluated through the analysis of their medical records. The most isolated species was C. albicans, followed by C. parapsilosis (sensu latu), C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis the least frequent. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for the antifungal agents amphotericin B (AMB), caspofungin (CAS), fluconazole (FLC) and voriconazole (VOR) were determined in planktonic cells for the 70 Candida spp. isolates, following CLSI guidelines. Among the isolates, one C. albicans isolate was resistant to FLC and VOR; all the C. glabrata and one C. parapsilosis isolates were susceptible dose dependent to FLC; two C. glabrata isolates were susceptible dose dependent to CAS, and one C. tropicalis isolate was susceptible dose dependent to VOR . The isolates´ ability to form biofilm was analyzed and according to the metabolic activity, all the C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis isolates were able to form biofilm in polystyrene plates, in 24 hours, and 50% of the C. parapsilosis isolates were not able to form biofilm. Biofilms of each species were visualized through scanning electron microscopy and structural differences were seen according to each species. The Minimal Eradication Concentrations of the antifungal to the biofilms were determined. AMB and CAS showed activity against Candida spp. biofilms, however, some isolates needed concentrations much higher than the used to inhibit planktonic growth; FLC and VOR in general were not efficient against Candida spp. biofilms. When C. albicans isolates, which showed different biofilm formation profiles, were tested about their in vivo virulence using the invertebrate host Galleria mellonella, it was possible to observe a propensity of the high biofilm formers isolates to be more virulent. The results reflect the effect of biofilms on clinical isolates susceptibility to antifungal drugs commonly used during medical practice. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/25348-2 - Antimicrobial resistance profile of Candida spp. strains biofilm productors isolated from candidemia episodes in the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto Hospital
• Grantee: Bárbara Cardoso
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master