Suspension cell culture as a tool for secondary cell wall studies in C4 grasses

Author(s)

Marcella Siqueira Simões

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB)
• Defense date: 2017-12-04

Examining board members

Igor Cesarino; Helaine Carrer; Wagner Campos Otoni

• Advisor: Igor Cesarino

Abstract

The physicochemical features of the cell wall represent a major bottleneck for the processing of cell wall polysaccharides present in biomass into fermentable sugars, a fact known as plant biomass recalcitrance. Biofuels production from biomass requires a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms underlying secondary cell wall deposition and lignin metabolism. In this context, most of the current knowledge has been generated in eudicots species, whereas significantly less is known for grasses, despite of their great potential for biomass accumulation. Therefore, the development of tools that allow the discovery of specific aspects of C4 grasses secondary cell walls is of great interest, because this knowledge cannot be extrapolated from data generated for eudicots. In the present work, we aimed to develop suspension cell cultures as a tool for the study of secondary cell wall metabolism in C4 grasses. For this purpose, three species were employed: Sorghum bicolor, Setaria viridis and sugarcane. Because of the recalcitrant nature of sorghum, only suspensions cells of S. viridis and sugarcane were successfully established. Subsequently, these cultures were used in an attempt to develop two applications to study secondary cell walls: i) xylogenic cultures, in which the suspension cells are induced to transdifferentiate into tracheary elements; and ii) a protoplast system to be used in transactivation assays to test the potential role of transcriptional factors in the regulation of secondary wall deposition. Only the suspension cultures of sugarcane showed a positive response to the tested treatments for the induction of tracheary elements formation, which were based on modifications of previous protocols established for other grasses. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR was used to characterize the variation of the expression of target genes during this process. Moreover, the cell walls of sugarcane suspension cells were digested with a cocktail of hydrolases to produce protoplasts, which were used in transactivation assays between transcriptional factors known to be involved in secondary cell wall deposition and their putative target genes, as a proof-of-concept. The sugarcane suspension cells and their applications established in this work might be used to further elucidate unique aspects of secondary cell wall deposition in C4 grasses (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/18361-5 - Establishment of an inducible suspension cell culture for tracheary element differentiation in Sorghum bicolor L.
• Grantee: Marcella Siqueira Simões
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master