Influence of obesity on the periodontal tissues remodeling induced by orthodontic mechanical force

Author(s)

Camila Chierici Marcantonio

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Araraquara. 2018-04-16.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Odontologia. Araraquara
• Defense date: 2018-03-14
• Advisor: Joni Augusto Cirelli; Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira

Abstract

Ciyokines and adipokines are molecules presented in high levels in tissues and serum of patients with obesity or inflammatory diseases. Orthodontic movement triggers a sequence of cellular and molecular events, resulting in local liberation of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on rat periodontal tissues remodeling induced by mechanical orthodontic force. A total of 32 rats were randomly distributed into 4 experimental groups: C (control), O (obesity induction), M (orthodontic movement induction), and OM (obesity induction followed by orthodontic movement). Animals from O group received a high-fat diet for 90 days. The body weight was recorded weekly. After 15 days of orthodontic movement (groups M and OM), the animals from all the groups were euthanized and the adipose tissues (retroperitoneal, epididymal and mesenteric) were removed and weighed in a precision scale. In addition, serological analysis was performed to evaluate lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL) and blood glucose levels. Microcomputerized tomography was performed to measure alveolar bone volume percentage (BVF), alveolar bone density (BMD), linear alveolar bone loss and tooth movement (on M and OM groups). Histological analysis was performed to evaluate linear alveolar bone loss and the proportion of tissue structures: collagens fibers, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells and blood vessels. In addition, gene expression on gingival tissue related to obesity like visfatin, adiponectin, IL6, TNFa and IL1 were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by post-test Tukey (p£0.05) and t-student test (for body weight and tooth movement - p£0.05). A significant increase of body weight and adipose tissues weight was observed in O and OM groups. O group showed an increase on lipid profile and blood glucose levels. OM group showed a decrease on BVF and BMD compared with all groups, a tendency of higher tooth movement when compared to group M and a higher alveolar bone loss when compared to O group. This group showed a higher quantity of inflammatory cells when compared to all groups, and M group showed a higher quantity of fibroblasts compared to all groups. O and OM groups showed higher Nampt expression when compared to C group and lower when compared to M group. C group showed higher TNFa expression when compared to M group. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/00732-0 - Influence of obesity on the periodontal tissues remodeling induced by orthodontic mechanical force
• Grantee: Camila Chierici Marcantonio
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master