Local and systemic influence of the dietary supplement with omega 3 fatty acids in rats with endodontic infection

Author(s)

Mariane Maffei Azuma

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Defense date: 2017-08-25
• Advisor: Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra; Edilson Ervolino

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplement omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the local and systemic inflammatory response of rats with apical periodontitis (AP). Forty male rats were divided into groups: control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with omega 3 alone (C-O), rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP), and rats with pulp exposure-induced AP treated with omega 3 (AP-O). The pulps were exposed to the oral environment during 30 days for the development of AP. Omega 3 was administered by gavage method, once a day, for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, 30 days after pulp exposure. After 30 days, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and subjected to blood count and the serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Interleukin 17 (IL-17) were measured using ELISA method. Subsequently, rats were killed and maxillae and jaws were collected and subjected to histologic analysis, using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to detect TRAP-positive osteoclast cells (TRAP), Osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts cells (OCN), TNF-, IL-6, IL-17, Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10). Results from the different analysis were subjected to statistical analysis, using specific statistical methods according to each analysis (p<0.05). AP group showed more severe inflammatory infiltrate as well as higher area of bone resorption in the periapical region compared to AP-O group (p<0.05). Moreover, the number of TRAP-positive cells as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 were higher in AP group compared to AP-O group (p <0.05). In addition, the number of OCN-positive cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreased in AP group compared to AP-O group (p<0.05). Regarding systemic alterations, the presence of four AP focus increased the serum levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, TNF-, and IL-6 (p<0.05). The dietary supplement with omega 3 decreased the serum levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes of rats with AP (p<0.05). It may be concluded that the dietary supplement with omega 3 fatty acids decrease the inflammatory process and the pathological bone resorption in the periapical region, as well as serum inflammatory cells of rats with apical periodontitis. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/26390-0 - Local and systemic influence of dietary supplementation with omega - 3 in rats with endodontic infection
• Grantee: Mariane Maffei Azuma
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate