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| Author(s): |
Roberta Clemente Santin
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/STB) |
| Defense date: | 2017-08-30 |
| Examining board members: |
Celia Regina Montes;
Yves Marie Pierre Henri Lucas;
Adolpho Jose Melfi;
Debora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori;
Wilson Tadeu Lopes da Silva
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| Advisor: | Celia Regina Montes; Wilson Tadeu Lopes da Silva |
| Abstract | |
In the upper and middle Rio Negro basin, in the Amazon region, Spodosols are soils with significant spatial representation. These soils have their genesis linked to two different processes: a system of Latosol-Spodosol transformation, developed on rocks of the crystalline basement and another formed directly from sedimentary rocks. Spodosols store large amounts of carbon in their deep spodic horizons. The climate models predict changes in precipitation patterns, with a higher frequency of dry periods in the Amazon, resulting in lowering the water table, which would lead to an increase in porosity, and thus increase the mineralization of the organic matter stored in these horizons. Several factors may influence carbon mineralization rates, such as pedogenetic processes, soil source materials, present vegetation and organic matter characteristics in different soil horizons. In this context, the objective was to characterize the organic matter, in its physicochemical aspects and to evaluate its vulnerability to pedoclimatic changes. For this, it was necessary to evaluate the particle size distribution and the mineralogical composition of the soils, determine the isotopic and carbon and nitrogen composition and concentrations of soil samples, verify the organic matter characteristic and quantify soil carbon mineralization in different horizons. The results showed that the organic matter presented in the spodic horizons is more humid, and this recalcitrance leads to lower rates of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Soil mineralogy as well as particle size distribution contributed to greater protection of organic matter, increasing its stability and reducing susceptibility to mineralization in these horizons. The distribution of particle size and amount of different particle sizes in the two areas reflected the influence of the source material, which associated with vegetation influenced the concentrations and carbon emission. In the spodic horizons, the emissions and fluxes of C to the atmosphere were smaller than in the superficial horizons due to the greater humification of the organic matter and, probably, the nitrogen deficiency. The deep spodic horizons, considering the areas of Barcelos and São Gabriel da Cachoeira, are responsible for the release to atmosphere of 8 x 1013 g C year-1, a value that corresponds approximately to 1% of what returns to the atmosphere annually through the respiration of the soil. This amount cannot be neglected when developing forecast models of climate change (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/18092-6 - Estimating Soil Carbon Stocks and it Sensibility to Mineralization in Spodic Deep horizons in Podzol located at High Rio Negro Basin |
| Grantee: | Roberta Clemente Santin |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |