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| Author(s): |
Marcia Cristina Silva
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH) |
| Defense date: | 2018-09-06 |
| Examining board members: |
Julia Baruque Ramos;
Fernando Gasi;
Marcelo Silva Oliveira;
Eduardo de Senzi Zancul
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| Advisor: | Julia Baruque Ramos |
| Abstract | |
The flammability conditions laid down in the aeronautical standards applied to the textiles forming part of the passenger cabin of the aircraft. But these standards are not required for application to crew uniforms. However, since it is part of the function of the crew, notably flight attendants, the fire fighting on board, even if this type of accident is not frequent in relation to all accidents in general in this sector, this fact directed the present study to know the limits of the textile materials of the uniforms of the aeronauts with respect to the flammability. Thus, the objectives were: to determine the flammability (burning rate) of professional fabric samples and samples of aeronaut uniform pieces; characterize the professional fabrics and those that constitute parts of uniforms of aeronauts, through tests of: composition, weights, number of threads per weft and warp, weaving, fabric thickness, yarn diameter, linear density and torsion; calculate the yarn diameter and coverage factor and correlate the values of flammability obtained with the tissue characterization values and calculated parameters. The experiments were carried out in three professional fabrics and in eight pieces of uniforms of aeronauts from different companies donated for this study, in addition to semi-structured interviews and technical visits. The interpretation of the obtained results was carried out with application of tests of normality of data, equality of variances, ANOVA and response surface. The results found in the present study do not fit within the limits recommended by FAR25 for the material to be qualified self-extinguishing. The lowest flammability value was 0.742 ± 0.140 (cm/s). This result is the mean obtained from the burning rate of the 10 samples tested from the fabric of the P7 piece (male trousers) in the direction of the weft. The composition of the piece is a mixture of 50% wool and 50% polyester with a weight of 225.12 ± 5.02 (g/m2), linear yarn density of 36.61 ± 1.48 (tex) and a twist of 598.00 ± 45.34 (torsions/m). The yarn diameter calculated by the Peirce model was 0.219 mm. The highest flammability value was 3.698 ± 1.806 (cm/s). This result is the mean obtained from the burning rate of the 10 samples tested from the fabric of the piece P5 (male shirt) in the direction of the weft. The composition of the piece is a mixture of 67% polyester and 33% cotton with weights of 108.72 ± 2.39 (g/m2), linear yarn density of 15.88 ± 1.27 (tex) and twisting of 991.00 ± 45.75 (torsions/m). The wire diameter calculated by the Peirce model was 0.148 mm. The analysis of variance with all the factors was not validated by the residue analysis. However, the relationship between the explanatory variables \"direction\", \"material\" and \"ligament\" with the variable \"burning rate\" grouping by specific physical characteristics, resulted in analyzes validated by their residues. Influence of the \"direction\" on the \"burning rate\" for group \"material 100% CO, plain weave\", the burning speed is statistically equal in the direction of warp and weft, group \" material 100% PES, twill weave, burning rate is a statistically different one, being smaller in the direction of the weft, group \"material 100% PES, plain weave\", the burning speed is statistically different, being smaller in the direction of the warp, group \"material 67% PES / 33% CO, twill weave and \"material 67% PES / 33% CO, plain weave\", the burning speed is statistically equal in the direction of warp and warp and group \"material 50% WO / 50% PES, plain weave\", the speed of burn is equal in the direction of warp and warp. Influence of the material on the burning rate: group twill weave, direction weft burning rate is statistically different, being smaller to material 100% CO, group twill weave, direction warp burning rate is statiscally different, being smaller to material 100% CO, group plain weave, direction weft, burning rate is statiscally equal to material 100% CO, 100% PES, 67%/33%CO and 50%WO/50%PES, group plain weave, direction warp burning rate is statiscally equal to material 67%PES/33%CO. Thus suggestions for future studies may take into account more closed constructions of tissues; fabric construction with fibers of vegetable or animal origin or mixtures with synthetic fibers (with or without additives of flame retardants) for aggregation of functionality; changes in the modeling of parts; and to study alteration in the weight of the tissues and the torsion of their constituent yarns (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 16/01331-9 - Flamability analysis of textile uniforms of airmen |
| Grantee: | Marcia Cristina Silva |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |