Effects of zirconia coating with a bioglass: surface characterization and evaluation of biological properties

Author(s)

Suelen Aline de Lima Barros

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Araraquara. 2017-04-18.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Odontologia. Araraquara
• Defense date: 2017-03-31
• Advisor: Gelson Luís Adabo

Abstract

The addition of bioactive materials to the surface of the abutments is an interesting alternative for the optimization of marginal sealing at the mucosal/implant interface. The aim of the present study was to promote the coating of Biosilicate ® (BS) bioglass on the zirconia (Zr) surface, as well as to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of this surface, and biostimulation capacity on fibroblasts. Initially, the following vehicles were tested for coating of BS on the surface of Zr: alcohol/water, alcohol/varnish, acetone/varnish, water/varnish, glaze, silane and hypromellose. Sintered Zr specimens were treated with the BS solutions in the different vehicles (60 mg/mL). Was applied 20 μL of the solutions on the specimens followed by gradual heating to 1100°C for 20 minutes to cover the zirconia. The surface of the specimens was evaluated in SEM to analyze the coating of BS and the identification of the chemical elements was performed in EDX. After analysis of the pattern, the alcohol/water vehicle (1: 1) was selected for coating of BS in subsequent experiments. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured in confocal optical microscope, while contact angle and surface free energy (ELS) were determined by goniometer. The color alteration of the Zr was evaluated in a spectrophotometer UV (Delta E). All these analyzes were carried out on unmodified zirconia discs (Zr) or treated with BS (Zr + BS). For the biological analyzes, L929 fibroblasts were seeded on the polystyrene surface (PS - control), as well as the Zr (control) or Zr + BS discs, with proliferation (Alamar Blue) and cell morphology (SEM) evaluated in periods of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post seeding. The wound healing assay was performed to verify cell migration capacity on the different surfaces 24h after wounding, and collagen synthesis (Sirius Red) was measured after 7 days of culture on the specimens. The surface roughness, contact angle and surface free energy data were analyzed using the independent Student t test (p <0,05). Descriptive analyzes were performed using SEM images for surface characterization and cellular morphology observation. Cell proliferation and collagen synthesis analyzes were performed through ANOVA/Tukey, while the wound healing was evaluated by the Student t test (p < 0,05). It was possible to detect the coating of a BS film in the MEV/EDX analysis in the groups where alcohol/water, alcohol/varnish, acetone/varnish, water/varnish and glaze were used. In these specimens the presence of Si, Na, O and Ca microcrystals was detected on the surface of treated Zr discs with BS, which are components of BS. However, only with alcohol/water there was a homogeneous coating of the specimens, being the same selected for the others assays. The surface roughness, free surface energy and contact angle for 2 liquids used showed a difference between the Zr and Zr + BS groups. The delta E data in the Zr and Zr + BS groups showed no significant color alteration before and after the heat treatment. The Alamar Blue test demonstrated significant increase in the viability of the cells seeded on Zr + BS discs from 3 days of culture and therefore, the ability of BS to bioestimulate L929 cells in relation to the others groups. SEM images corroborated the findings of proliferation. Increased cell migration ability and collagen synthesis were also observed for L929 cells in the Zr + BS group in relation to the others experimentals groups. The BS coating on the zirconia generated the formation of a layer of BS micro-crystals, which promoted increase in surface roughness and free surface energy, suggesting the formation of an amphipathic surface, but without altering the color of the zirconia. This surface had a high bioactive potential on the L929 fibroblast lineage. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/19034-8 - Effects of incorporation of a bioglass on zirconia surface: evaluation of physical, chemical and biological proprieties
• Grantee: Suelen Aline de Lima Barros
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master