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| Author(s): |
Fernando Henrique do Nascimento
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2016-09-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Jorge Cesar Masini;
Lucio Angnes;
Jose Eduardo Bevilacqua;
Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira;
Silvio Miranda Prada
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| Advisor: | Jorge Cesar Masini |
| Abstract | |
The different effects that Hg(II), As(III) and Se IV) cause to the environment and to the health of living beings led to the development of a wide range of analytical techniques for the determination of these species, especially stripping voltammetry and chronopotenciometry. Interactions with heterogeneous naturally occurring ligands play a key role in the transport and availability of Hg(II), As(III) and Se(IV) in the environment. The study of these interactions may contribute to more effective remediation technologies, avoiding their loading in environmental compartments, or enabling the removal of Hg(II), As(III) and Se(IV) species from impacted medium. The present thesis describes the development of methods controlled by Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) with electrochemical detection, specifically square wave voltammetry (SIA-SWASV) for determination of Hg(II), As(III) and Se(IV), and chronopotentiometry (SIA-SCP) for Hg(II) aiming their use in interaction studies with the clay mineral vermiculite (natural and modified with thiols and polyhydroxy cations of Fe(III)) and with the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In all cases gold electrodes were used as working electrode. The limits of detection (LOD) for Hg(II) were 0.01 and 0.02 µmol L-1 for SIA-SCP and SIA-SWASV methods, respectively. For As(III) and Se(IV) the LOD values were 0.02 and 0.06 µmol L-1, respectively. For the adsorption of Hg(II) in vermiculite samples, the sample modified with cysteamine showed the highest adsorption capacity (qmax), 83 ± 30 µmol g-1. As a consequence of the high affinity between Hg(II) and the thiols, the variation of the ionic strength and pH did not significantly affect the adsorption on materials modified with cysteamine, cysteine, and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane. Desorption in HCl was always < 21%, suggesting that all materials have potential for in situ application in impacted environments. Adsorption of Se(IV) in FeOH-VT resulted in a qmax = 45 ± 4 µmol g-1, and the capacity decreased with increasing ionic strength, indicating that the electrostatic attraction played an important role in adsorption. The biosorption of Hg(II) by C. reinhardtii had its greatest value qmax, 3.3 ± 0.8 mmol g-1, at pH 4.0, and Hg(II) concentrated in the cells. The adsorption capacity of Hg(II) in C. reinhardtii was significantly higher than that in vermiculite, natural or modified, suggesting high potential for bioremediation of contaminated water. The chronopotentiometric measurements in the presence of cells suggested that the interaction was partially labile, so that the exchangeable fraction with the environment should be considered for treatment processes. The increase in ionic strength did not affect the biosorption, indicating little influence of electrostatic attraction. Preliminary studies on biosorption of As(III) by C. reinhardii with a contact time of 120 min resulted in qmax = 41 ± 1 µmol g-1, independent of pH variation between 4 and 7, whereas the increase of ionic strength increased amounts of As(III) biosorbed. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/08065-1 - Development and Validation of flow methods with electrochemical detection for application in studies of interactions of Hg (II), As (III) and Se (IV) with naturally occurring heterogeneous ligands |
| Grantee: | Fernando Henrique Do Nascimento |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |