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| Author(s): |
Alexandre Luiz de Souza
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2011-07-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira;
Lucio Angnes;
Joaquim de Araujo Nobrega;
Ana Rita de Araujo Nogueira;
Fabio Rodrigo Piovezani Rocha
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| Advisor: | Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira |
| Abstract | |
The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for the development of methods for elements determination in alumina, cement and quartz by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) with slurry sampling. Some elements were investigated as candidates for internal standards (ISs) Be, Dy, Gd, In, La, Sc, Y, Yb and Tl. Samples of certified reference material (CRM) of alumina (Alumina Reduction Grade - 699), Portland cement (blended with the 1889a and 1886a Limestone White Portland cement with low iron) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and quartz samples, suplied by the Department of Physics from Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), named T-4FI, T-2FI and T4GR were used to optimize instrumental, method development and accuracy evaluation of the method. Nanoparticles of high purity silica (Wacker HDK T40 ®), Wacker Chemie AG were used in the study adsorption of the analytes and internal standards as calibrating material for direct analysis of solids. Correlation graphs using excitation potentials, ionization energies and melting point temperatures were used for chosing the best ISs. Exploratory analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. Optimization of ICP OES was performed in aqueous and slurry samples to establishment figures of merit, such as sensitivity, robustness, selectivity and repeatability. In the optimization of ICP, power supply, nebulizer flow rate and auxiliary gas flow rate were considered. The determination of Ca, Fe, Ga, In, Si and Zn in alumina was made after decomposition in a microwave oven with subsequent precipitation of Al(III) with NH3 gas. The internal standard was essential to obtain the accuracy of the method, with recoveries of CRM analysis ranging from 83 to 117%. For the cement analysis was evaluated the effect of nitric acid concentration over analytes extraction (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti and Zn) and ISs candidate adsorption (Be, Sc, In and Dy). Determinations of the elements in cement slurry with the internal standard (except for Cr and Zn), with 0.5% v v-1 HNO3, nebulizer Burgener and robust conditions of ICP produced results with recoveries between 68 and 119%. The determinations of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Sr and Ti in quartz were performed with the slurry introduction and without of internal standard, using similar conditions of those adopted for cement matrix. In this case the recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% with addition and recovery test. The adsorption of the analytes and internal standards on silica nanoparticles could be an alternative for the preparation of calibration standards when considering performing the direct introduction of solid material. (AU) | |