Production by phase inversion temperature method, study of physicochemical stability, in vitro digestibility and cytotoxicity of beta-carotene load solid lipid nanoparticle

Author(s)

Graziela Veiga de Lara Gomes

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Pirassununga.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Zootecnica e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZE/BT)
• Defense date: 2015-02-12

Examining board members

Samantha Cristina de Pinho; Humberto Gomes Ferraz; Izabel Cristina Freitas Moraes; Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro; Vânia Regina Nicoletti Telis

• Advisor: Samantha Cristina de Pinho

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles are colloidal delivery systems used for encapsulation of hydrophobic substances, with the aim to protect and increase bioavailability. Such systems could be produced by low energy methods, like phase inversion temperature (PIT) which is based in the change of solubility nonionic polyethoxylated surfactants with temperature. In order to incorporate these systems in foods, it is important studying their behavior under gastrointestinal tract conditions. The in vitro dynamic models had been developed to simulate more effectively the properties that occur in vivo, between them the TIM system (TNO intestinal model) is one of the most known, which simulates the most important events that occur in the lumen of the small intestine. Other important parameter in nanoparticles that can be ingested is the cytotoxicity that can be evaluated using intestinal and epithelial cell cultures. This doctoral work aimed to use cupuaçu butter and murumuru butter to encapsulate beta-carotene in solid lipid nanoparticles produced by the PIT method, moreover the study of these particles cytotoxicity and digestibility in dynamic in vitro systems. The surfactants used were Chemophor RH 40 and Span 80, and the systems were produced in the presence and absence of alpha-tocopherol. Generally one can say that these nanoparticles present average diameter around 35 nm with polydispersity 0.2 and remain stable during 4 months. The systems based with murumuru butter showed better preservation of the beta-carotene encapsulated and alpha-tocopherol acted like an antioxidant in the bioactive preservation. The nanoparticles presented physical stability faced various stress conditions, with the exception of very high saline concentrations and basic pH. Regarding the digestibility, the nanoparticles remain stable in the stomach and start to destabilize in the duodenum; the total bioavailability of beta-carotene were 50 and 49% to the murumuru butter and cupuaçu butter, respectively; the lipolysis were 51% to the nanoparticles based in cupuaçu butter and 49.8% to the murumuru based nanoparticles. Regarding the studies of in vitro cellular uptake and toxicity one can say that the HEPG-2 present bigger cellular viability than the Caco-2 and the cellular death begin with dilution of 11,38µg/ml for cells of HEPG-2 and with dilution of 5,69 µg/ml for cells of CaCo-2, so if one desire to apply in food matrices it is advisable to respect these concentrations. Furthermore, the results showed that the tested nanoparticles had a very good potential to encapsulate bioactive liposoluble components and are a good way to be applied in food matrices. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/20523-0 - Solid lipid nanoparticles production by low-energy method: process optimization, evaluation of bioactive absorption and in vitro digestibility
• Grantee: Graziela Veiga de Lara Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate