Participation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I on specific immunity in Leishmania (L.) major infection

Author(s)

Fabricio Petitto de Assis

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD)
• Defense date: 2008-10-03

Examining board members

Hiro Goto; Jose Maria Alvarez Mosig; Nancy Starobinas

• Advisor: Hiro Goto

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I induces cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we focused on its participation on specific immunity. We studied the effect of Th1 (IFN-g) and Th2 (IL-4 plus IL-13) cytokines on the modulation of the production of IGF-I and its influence on BALB/c and C57BL/6 macrophage (MØ) parasitism using Leishmania (L.) major amastigote and promastigote. IGF-I expression was increased in infected macrophages. Initially, we substantiated the effect of IGF-I on in vitro growth of Leishmania (L.) major promastigote, on cutaneous lesion development in vivo and diminished production of nitric oxide in MØ. On development of the lesion, IGF-I induced greater increase of the lesion in BALB/c mice. In C5BL/6 mice, its effect was more pronounced with progression of the lesion whilst without the factor it was controlled. Since IGF-I production by MØ is modulated by cytokines where IFN-g decreases and IL-4 plus IL-13 increase its expression, we studied their effects in BALB/c and C57BL/6 MØ. Macrophages were infected with L.(L.) major amastigotes or promastigotes (parasites/cell = 2:1) and incubated with IFN-g (200U/mL) or IL-4 (2ng/mL) plus IL-13 (5ng/mL). IFN-g induced a significant increase of NO production by MØ from both models. The effect of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on parasitism was distinct when MØ infected with amastigotes, the parasitism increased upon IL-4 plus IL-13 stimuli and diminished with IFN-g as expected. However, when infected with promastigotes, the parasitism increased with IL-4 plus IL-13 only in BALB/c cells. Conversely, the parasitism diminished with IFN-g only in C57BL/6. Even in the absence of cytokine stimuli, an increase of the expression of IGF-I mRNA was observed in L (L.) major amastigote- and promastigote- infected BALB/c MØ and in promastigoteinfected C57BL/6 MØ. A dissonant result was a diminished IGF-I expression in amastigoteinfected C57BL/6 MØ. In BALB/c this increased IGF-I expression with infection only altered with IL-4 plus IL-13 in amastigote-infected cells. In C57BL/6 cells, the increased IGF-I expression upon prormastigote infection diminished under IFN-g stimulus that was not altered with Th2 cytokines. A decreased IGF-I expression with amastigote-infection diminished even more with IFN-g and increased with Th2 cytokines. These data suggest a possibility of modulation of the effect of cytokines on distinct expression of IGF-I in L. (L.) major-infected MØ (AU)