Consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia on the response to endothelin-1 and phenylephrine in rats corpus cavernosum

Author(s)

Hariane Côco

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2012-02-13

Examining board members

Ana Maria de Oliveira; Luciana Venturini Rossoni; Carlos Renato Tirapelli

• Advisor: Ana Maria de Oliveira

Abstract

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, due to the increase in superoxide anion (O2-) and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), these facts could result in erectile dysfunction. The objective of this work was to study the consequences of HHcy on the responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1) and phenylephrine (PhE) in rat corpus cavernosum, as well as the mechanisms involved. The animals were divided into two groups, which received water (control) or DL-homocysteine thiolactone (DL-HcyT; HHcy group) at a dose of 1 g/kg/day for 15 days orally. Morphological analysis and collagen and expression of -actin revealed no considerable alterations in the structure of the corpus cavernosum of HHcy rats, suggesting that alterations in the functionality of these tissues are not based on structural modifications. The HHcy resulted in increased levels of O2- in corpus cavernosum of rats, assessed by confocal microscopy. Vascular reactivity was assessed for substances KCl, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), acetylcholine (ACh), ET-1, IRL-1620 and PhE. There were no changes in vascular reactivity to KCl or NPS. The relaxation induced by ACh was reduced in HHcy rat corpus cavernosum. The contraction induced by ET-1, by ETA receptors, was increased in corpus cavernosum of HHcy rats, suggesting possible involvement of basal O2- in intracellular pathways by activation of ETA receptors. There was prejudice to the relaxation to ET-1 and IRL-1620 in HHcy rat corpus cavernosum by activation of ETB receptors. The decreased IRL-1620-induced relaxation was due to the reduced production and/or bioavailability of NO.The expression of mRNA for pre-pro-ET-1, endothelin converting enzyme and ETA and ETB receptors were not altered in HHcy. The Emax of PhE was increased in HHcy rat corpus cavernosum, due to increase in basal levels of O2- and reducing negative modulators factors of the contraction, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), suggesting possible loss of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). The participation of metabolites derived from eNOS, nNOS and iNOS, that modulate negatively PhE-induced contraction appear to be important in this response. In HHcy, these metabolites, derived primary from iNOS, are damaged, possibly by reducing the activity of NOS, the process of decoupling and/or reduced bioavailability of NO by interaction with reactive oxidative species (ROS) to form peroxynitrite. The expression of nitrotyrosine, inidicador the presence of peroxynitrite, was not altered in HHcy rat corpus cavernosum. Plasma levels of nitrate showed reduced levels of NO in HHcy rats, being suggestive of reduced bioavailability. The HHcy did not alter the expression of mRNA for eNOS, iNOS and nNOS in rat corpus cavernosum. The metabolites of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 participate negatively modulating the contraction of PhE and HHcy does not seem to change this modulation. In conclusion, intermediate HHcy, by its ability to increase basal levels of O2-, may affect the vasoactive function, contraction and relaxation of ET-1 peptide, as well as increase the contraction induced by PhE due to decrease of H2O2 and reduced of the metabolites derived from iNOS in rat corpus cavernosum. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/03614-1 - Effects of the Hyperhomocysteinemia on the endothelin system in corpus cavernosum of rats
• Grantee: Hariane Côco
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master