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| Author(s): |
Pauliane Vieira Santana
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2016-10-26 |
| Examining board members: |
Pedro Caruso;
Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de Carvalho;
Simone Dal Corso;
Pedro Medeiros Junior
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| Advisor: | Pedro Caruso |
| Abstract | |
INTRODUCTION: fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (FILDs) are characterized by dyspnea, exercise intolerance and impaired quality of life. While there are several mechanisms involved, the occurrence of dyspnea and exercise limitation is not fully elucidated. The dysfunction of the respiratory muscles has been postulated as a contributing factor. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients with FILDs compared to healthy subjects and to correlate respiratory muscle dysfunction with quality of life, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. METHODS: A prospective, case-control study involving 62 subjects, 31 patients with FILD and 31 healthy volunteers. Subjects were evaluated in two visits. At visit 1, subjects underwent clinical evaluation to access dyspnea (MRCm), quality of life (SGRQ), pulmonary function and also characterization of mobility and thickness of the diaphragm on ultrasound (US). Subjects performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). In the second visit were evaluated: 1) maximum static respiratory pressures through volitional (MIP, MEP, SNIP, PesSniff, PgaSniff, PdiSniff and PgaCough) and non-volitional methods - cervical Twitchs (TwPes, TwPga and TwPdi) and T10 Twitchs (TwT10Pga); 2) thoracoabdominal synchrony (by respiratory inductance plethysmography); 3) recruitment of inspiratory muscle (surface electromyography of scalene muscle) and expiratory (surface electromyography of the external oblique muscle). Then, subjects performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The non-volitional muscle strength measures were repeated after the CPET to investigate the occurrence of fatigue. RESULTS: The patients with FILDs exhibited dyspnea on exertion; limited performance on 6MWT and impaired quality of life. On ultrasound, patients with FILD had decreased diaphragmatic mobility during deep breathing, increased thickness in the functional residual capacity (FRC) and reduced diaphragm thickness fraction. Between patients and controls, there were no differences in volitional and non-volitional strength and in the occurrence of respiratory fatigue. However, patients presented respiratory fatigue under lower exercise loads. In patients with FILD there was a decrease in exercise performance associated with ventilatory limitation, desaturation and dyspnea. Patients with FILD had a higher proportion of asynchrony at exercise peak and greater recruitment of the scalene muscle. In patients with FILD, higher inspiratory effort- displacement ratios indicated a neuromechanical uncoupling (DNM) that correlated with dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FILD exhibited respiratory muscle dysfunction at rest characterized by the reduction of diaphragmatic mobility in deep breathing, increased thickness on FRC and reduced thickness fraction. In FILD, exercise was associated with respiratory muscle dysfunction characterized by the occurrence of respiratory fatigue, thoracoabdominal asynchrony, greater recruitment of inspiratory muscles and neuromechanical uncoupling that contributed to limiting the performance and dyspnea (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/18404-8 - Evaluation of ins and expiratory muscles in respiratory diseases |
| Grantee: | Pauliane Vieira Santana |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct) |