Exercise training as a treatment to attenuate bone loss in women underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a randomized controlled trial

Author(s)

Igor Hisashi Murai

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Educação Física e Esportes (EEFE/BT)
• Defense date: 2019-06-05

Examining board members

Bruno Gualano; Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira; Paulo Rizzo Ramires; Lilian Cuppari Valle

• Advisor: Bruno Gualano

Abstract

Bariatric surgery is the treatment of choice for morbid obesity, since conventional treatment yields low efficacy in producing a significant weight loss and, consequently, improves obesity-related comorbidities. Nevertheless, some studies demonstrate a bariatric surgeryinduced bone loss, which may increase the long-term risk of fractures. In light of this, the aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effects of exercise training on bone health in women underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Before surgical intervention, bone parameters and physical capacity were assessed, and patients were randomly assigned into bariatric surgery plus exercise training group (RYGB+TF) or bariatric surgery (RYGB). Three months after surgery, both groups were re-assessed and underwent a 6-month exercise training program or standard of care. Nine months after surgery, patients were re-evaluated. As a result of surgery, body weight, BMI, fat percentage, visceral adipose tissue, and lean mass significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.001 for all variables). Bariatric surgery induced a significant areal bone mineral density (aBMD) loss at the total hip, femoral neck, distal radius, and whole body in both groups (P<0.001 for all sites). Bone turnover markers (i.e. CTX and P1NP), as well as sclerostin and osteopontin significantly increased after surgery in RYGB and RYGB+TF (P<0.05 for all markers). After the surgery, cortical thickness was significantly reduced in both groups (P=0.001). At the same site, cortical porosity was significantly increased after surgical procedure (P=0.009). Physical and functional capacity were negatively affected by surgery in both groups (P<0.001 for all variables). Importantly, exercise training significantly mitigated percent loss of aBMD at the total hip (P=0.009), femoral neck (P=0.007), distal radius (P=0.038), and lean mass (P=0.048) compared to standard of care. Exercise also attenuated CTX (P=0.002), P1NP (P=0.024), and sclerostin (P=0.046). A significantly reduced percent loss in cortical volumetric bone mineral density (Ct.vBMD) at the distal radius was observed in RYGB+TF group compared to RYGB (P=0.024). Patients underwent exercise training significantly improved upper-limb muscular strength (P=0.002), lower-limb muscular strength (P<0.001), as well as Sit-to-Stand test (P<0.001) and Timed Up and Go test (P=0.007) compared to individuals who received standard of care. Thus, we conclude that a 6-month, supervised exercise training program was capable of attenuating bariatric surgery-induced bone loss, as well as improves physical and functional capacity in women (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/02833-5 - Effects of exercise training on bone parameters in patients subjected to bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial
• Grantee: Igor Hisashi Murai
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate