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| Author(s): |
Ana Carolina Bortolossi Rezende
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2013-07-16 |
| Examining board members: |
Mariza Landgraf;
Maria Teresa Destro;
Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto;
Tatiana Pacheco Nunes;
Anna Lucia Casañas Haasis Villavicencio
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| Advisor: | Mariza Landgraf |
| Abstract | |
In recent years, fresh produce have been responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide, due to their contamination by different pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The use of sanitizers does not always significantly reduce the microbial populations present in vegetables, and thus, the application of more efficient techniques such as gamma radiation, is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of irradiation on the reduction of the populations of STEC, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, inoculated on minimally processed spinach, as well as to assess its effect on the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of the vegetable. Spinach (Tetragonia expansa) samples were individually inoculated, with a cocktail of three strains of Salmonella spp, three strains of L. monocytogenes and three strains of STEC and exposed to doses of 0, 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1.0 kGy. The D10 values determined in this study ranged from 0.19 to 0.20 kGy for Salmonella spp, 0.20 to 0.21 kGy for L. monocytogenes, and 0.17 kGy for STEC. The behavior of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes and STEC were evaluated in spinach samples exposed to doses of 1.0, 1.05 and 0.85 kGy, respectively, and in non-irradiated samples, stored for 12 days at (4±1) °C and (10±1) °C. The results showed that the populations of Salmonella and STEC were reduced at about 6 log, on day zero, and remained below the detection limit (<10 CFU/g) even after 12 days of storage at both temperatures tested. The 1.05 kGy dose reduced the population of L. monocytogenes in approximately 5 log, but in the samples stored at (10±1) °C, the growth of the microorganism (2,62 log) was observed at the end of the storage time. Spinach samples exposed to 1 and 1.5 kGy, as well as the control sample, all kept under refrigeration (4±1) °C were used for the evaluation of the product shelf life, sensory analysis, color analysis, determination of ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity. The samples exposed to 1 kGy displayed a shelf life of 15 days, two days longer than that observed for the control sample, while those exposed to 1.5 kGy showed a shelf life of 12 days. All samples exposed to radiation were accepted by the sensorial panel. The irradiation had no significant effect either on the concentration of phenolic compounds or on the antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, there was a reduction in the concentration of flavonoids and change on the color. The color, phenolic compounds concentration and antioxidant activity were influenced by the seasons of the year. Although the change in color was observed by instrumental analysis, this was not perceived by the panelists during sensory analysis. The irradiation process is a great alternative for microbiological safety purpose together with Good Manufacturing Practices. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 10/06969-5 - Use of ionizing radiation for improving the safety of minimally processed spinach (Tetragonia expansa) |
| Grantee: | Ana Carolina Bortolossi Rezende de Carvalho |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |