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| Author(s): |
Patrícia Mara Sanches
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2020-01-13 |
| Examining board members: |
Demóstenes Ferreira da Silva Filho;
Vinicius de Moraes Netto;
Ana Clara Mourão Moura;
Eugênio Fernandes Queiroga
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| Advisor: | Demóstenes Ferreira da Silva Filho |
| Abstract | |
Due to the rapid city growth of cities worlwide in the last decades and the predictive scenarios of urban population growt, strategies for the design of more compact and environmentally-friendly cities are becoming increasingly urgent. Although, reconciling urban density and the provision of green spaces - in order to achieve greater resilience in the face of climate change - has been one of the great challenges of contemporary cities. Several studies in the literature suggest that these meanings are opposite and therefore, set a negative correlation with each other. The research hypothesis is the urban design is a key element to deal with this contradiction and to seek effective and balanced solutions for use land, as well as, create \"softer\" matrixes to promote ecological connectivity and ecosystem services. The aim is to investigate the impact of urban forms on spatial features of residential green spaces (RGS), and how to reconcile high density and vegetation cover through morphological studies. The case studies are located in São Paulo, Brasilia (Brazil) and Berlin (Germany), and comprised high-density residential-mixed use sample areas, classified into eight morphological types. We used landscape metrics variables to measure the composition and configuration of RGS (area-PLAND, average patch size, connectivity- ENN and aggregation index-AI) and morphological and land use metrics, such as population and housing densities, floor space index-FSI, and coverage building or ground floor space-GSI. Spatial data were generated and processed using GIS and remote sensing techniques and analyzed through univariate and multivariate methods. Different morphological configurations, which have the same housing density rate, showed large vegetation range with average differences of up to 88% in tree cover area, 91% in average tree patch size, 46% in connectivity (distance between green space) and 30% in aggregation index of the vegetation. The block-based urban design perform better in reconciling high urban density and high tree cover than urban design based on guidelines and land parameters applied only to the plot. We found out that external factors, such as mobility and sociocultural issues, can influence on urban design and impact on the composition and configuration of EVR. From the best evaluated sample units, we set design guidelines and reference parameters regarding to landscape and urban morphology variables, as well as, the obstacles and challenges of the applicability of these lessons in the Brazilian urban context. The results could help decision makers in setting urban strategies and urban public policies towards compact green cities, thus enhancing ecosystem services, urban biodiversity and better quality of life. Moreover, the results of this research bring advances in the understanding and integration of urban morphology and landscape ecology, as well as closing the gaps between Science and the practice of urban planning and design. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 15/21754-9 - The relationship between urban morphology and landscape ecology to set up a more permeable urban matrix and promote biodiversity in the cities |
| Grantee: | Patricia Mara Sanches |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |