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| Author(s): |
Daniel Massayuki Kakinoki
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2010-12-06 |
| Examining board members: |
Susana Marta Isay Saad;
Cynthia Jurkiewicz Kunigk;
Ursula Maria Lanfer Marquez
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| Advisor: | Susana Marta Isay Saad |
| Abstract | |
Functional foods containing probiotic strains and/or prebiotic ingredients are available in different forms, and most of them are dairy products, such as yogurts and fermented milk. Nevertheless, the milk content in these products may restrict their intake by a considerable proportion (approximately 70%) of the worldwide population that is incapable of producing β-galactosidase in enough quantity for digesting lactose. Rice (Oryza sativa) is an alternative crop with low residual taste, which is extremely abundant, being the basic food for more than half of world´s population. Its properties favor its use in puddings and desserts, mainly due to its appearance, light taste, and resulting in certain beneficial effects to health, such as prevention and control of chronic diseases, also due to the hypoallergenic proteins present. This study aimed to develop a new product to serve as an alternative for individuals who are lactose intolerant - a non-dairy rice-based potentially synbiotic dessert, prepared with the addition of an ABT culture (containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, and Streptococcus thermophilus), with inulin and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), and enriched with calcium and milk whey protein isolate. Three different trials were prepared (in triplicates): T1 - without the previous fermentation stage after the addition of the ABT culture, and directly cooled for storage; T2 - desserts were previously fermented, at 37 °C for 2h, after the addition of the culture; and T3 (control) - without the addition of culture. The products were stored at 4-5 °C for up to 21 days. The desserts were submitted to sensory evaluation by an untrained panel, employing the acceptability test, with a 9-point structured hedonic scale, after 7, 14 and 21 days of storage. Moreover, pH, and instrumental firmness (TA-XT2 texture analyzer), and viability of Bb-12, La-5, and Streptococcus thermophilus, and populations of contaminants were also monitored during the storage period (days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of storage) for each trial. In addition, pH was also determined during production, and chemical composition proceeded from frozen samples. Trial T1 (non fermented) showed a decrease in pH during the whole storage period of 21 days, whereas T2 (fermented), and T3 (control) did not change significantly (p>0,01). T2 presented a slightly lower firmness (between 0.46 N - day 1, and 0.23 N - day 21) than T1 (between 0.55 N - day 1, and 0.25 N - day 21). The sensory evaluation revealed that the desserts obtained grades between 6.4 and 7.4, and no differences (p<0,05) for sensory acceptability between the trials, and the different days of storage were observed, except for trial T3 on the 14th day, which obtained significantly lower grades, when compared to the others. Viability of Bb-12 was higher than of La-5 in both trials with ABT culture. Nevertheless, the fermentation stage had implications on growth in different ways for each microorganism. Viability of La-5 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T1, decreasing from 8.1 log cfu/g (day 1 - pH 5.1) to 7.3 log cfu/g (day 21 - pH 4.9), whereas viability of Bb-12 was just slightly higher in T2, decreasing from 8.8 log cfu/g (day 1 - pH 4.7) to 8.1 log cfu/g (day 21 - pH 4.5). Trial T2 revealed La-5 populations below 5.0 log cfu/g, after 21 days of storage. S. thermophiles maintained population above 8.0 log cfu/g during all storage times for both trials. This study indicated that the non-dairy rice-based potentially synbiotic dessert developed has a great potential as a functional food, and was well accepted by the panelists. The production of the non-fermented dessert could be the best choice, for economical questions and because of the shorter time during the production. This study suggests each strain must be evaluated independently for a specific product and condition. Moreover, the inclusion of a fermentation stage during production may affect the viability of probiotic strains in different ways. (AU) | |